Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing

Robert Kammel; Roland Ackermann; Jens Thomas; Jörg Götte; Stefan Skupin; Andreas Tünnermann; Stefan Nolte

doi:10.1038/lsa.2014.50

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Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing

Original Articles

- Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 3, Issue 2, (2014)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
  2.Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
  3.Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
  4.Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
  5.Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
  6.Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Author bio：
  
  Professor R Kammel, Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany Email: robert.kammel@uni-jena.de
  Professor S Nolte, Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany Email: stefan.nolte@uni-jena.de
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2014.50
  CLC：
- Published：2014-06，
  
  Published Online：09 May 2014，
  
  Received：27 August 2013，
  
  Revised：24 January 2014，
  
  Accepted：15 February 2014
- Accepted：
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Kammel, R. et al. Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing. Light: Science & Applications, 3, e169 (2014).
DOI：

Kammel, R. et al. Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing. Light: Science & Applications, 3, e169 (2014). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2014.50.

摘要

Abstract

In recent years

femtosecond (fs)-lasers have evolved into a versatile tool for high precision micromachining of transparent materials because nonlinear absorption in the focus can result in refractive index modifications or material disruptions. However

when high pulse energies or low numerical apertures are required

nonlinear side effects such as self-focusing

filamentation or white light generation can decrease the modification quality. In this paper

we apply simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) to overcome these limitations. The main advantage of SSTF is that the ultrashort pulse is only formed at the focal plane

thereby confining the intensity distribution strongly to the focal volume and suppressing detrimental nonlinear side effects. Thus

we investigate the optical breakdown within a water cell by pump-probe shadowgraphy

comparing conventional focusing and SSTF under equivalent focusing conditions. The plasma formation is well confined for low pulse energies < 2 µJ

but higher pulse energies lead to the filamentation and break-up of the disruptions for conventional focusing

thereby decreasing the modification quality. In contrast

plasma induced by SSTF stays well confined to the focal plane

even for high pulse energies up to 8 µJ

preventing extended filaments

side branches or break-up of the disruptions. Furthermore

while conventional focusing leads to broadband supercontinuum generation

only marginal spectral broadening is observed using SSTF. These experimental findings are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of the nonlinear pulse propagation and interaction processes. Therefore

SSTF appears to be a powerful tool to control the processing of transparent materials

e.g.

for precise ophthalmic fs-surgery.

关键词

Keywords

filamentationfs-laser surgerylaser-induced optical breakdownmaterials processingplasma shadowgraphy

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