Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon–organic hybrid device

Sebastian Koeber; Robert Palmer; Matthias Lauermann; Wolfgang Heni; Delwin L Elder; Dietmar Korn; Markus Woessner; Luca Alloatti; Swen Koenig; Philipp C Schindler; Hui Yu; Wim Bogaerts; Larry R Dalton; Wolfgang Freude; Juerg Leuthold; Christian Koos

doi:10.1038/lsa.2015.28

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Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon–organic hybrid device

Original Articles

- Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon–organic hybrid device
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 4, Issue 1, (2015)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ) and Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
  2.Now with: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
  3.University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
  4.Now with: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics (RLE), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
  5.Now with: Infinera Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
  6.Ghent University – IMEC, Photonics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Gent, Belgium
  7.Now with: Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Author bio：
  
  C Koos, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ) and Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail: christian.koos@kit.edu
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2015.28
  CLC：
- Published：2015-03，
  
  Published Online：18 December 2014，
  
  Received：12 August 2014，
  
  Revised：12 November 2014，
  
  Accepted：17 December 2014
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Koeber, S. et al. Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon–organic hybrid device. Light: Science & Applications, 4, e255 (2015).
DOI：

Koeber, S. et al. Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon–organic hybrid device. Light: Science & Applications, 4, e255 (2015). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2015.28.

摘要

Abstract

Energy-efficient electro-optic modulators are at the heart of short-reach optical interconnects

and silicon photonics is considered the leading technology for realizing such devices. However

the performance of all-silicon devices is limited by intrinsic material properties. In particular

the absence of linear electro-optic effects in silicon renders the integration of energy-efficient photonic–electronic interfaces challenging. Silicon–organic hybrid (SOH) integration can overco

me these limitations by combining nanophotonic silicon waveguides with organic cladding materials

thereby offering the prospect of designing optical properties by molecular engineering. In this paper

we demonstrate an SOH Mach–Zehnder modulator with unprecedented efficiency: the 1-mm-long device consumes only 0.7 fJ bit

−1

to generate a 12.5 Gbit s

−1

data stream with a bit-error ratio below the threshold for hard-decision forward-error correction. This power consumption represents the lowest value demonstrated for a non-resonant Mach–Zehnder modulator in any material system. It is enabled by a novel class of organic electro-optic materials that are designed for high chromophore density and enhanced molecular orientation. The device features an electro-optic coefficient of

≈180 pm V

−1

and can be operated at data rates of up to 40 Gbit s

−1

关键词

Keywords

electro-optic materialselectro-optic modulationnonlinear organic materialssilicon-organic hybrid

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