Shrestha, P. K., Chun, Y. T. & Chu, D. P. A high-resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator based on ZnO nanoparticles. Light: Science & Applications, 4, e259 (2015).
DOI:
Shrestha, P. K., Chun, Y. T. & Chu, D. P. A high-resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator based on ZnO nanoparticles. Light: Science & Applications, 4, e259 (2015). DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2015.32.
A high-resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator based on ZnO nanoparticles
An optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) can modulate the wavefront of a read light by displaying a phase pattern or a hologram configured by the intensity distribution of a write light. Using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel photoconductor
a high-resolution OASLM was fabricated. A ZnO NP suspension was spin-coated on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate and annealed to form a photosensitive layer. The device was characterized electrically and optically. The device was operated at low driving voltages in the transmission
mode. Updatable recording of a diffraction grating up to 825 lp mm
−1
with a diffraction efficiency (DE) of 0.05% and binary holograms with pixel sizes from 2 µm down to 0.72 µm were demonstrated using a 405 nm wavelength write laser and a 635 nm wavelength read laser.
关键词
Keywords
holographynanoparticlesOASLMZnO
references
Fukushima S, Kurokawa T, Ohno M. Real-time hologram construction and reconstruction using a high-resolution spatial light modulator.Appl Phys Lett1991;58: 787–789..
Wen L, Rice RA, Moddel G, Pagano-Stauffer LA, Handschy MA. Hydrogenated amorphous-silicon photosensor for optically addressed high-speed spatial light modulator.IEEE Trans Electron Dev1989;36: 2959–2964..
Efron U, Grinberg J, Braatz PO, Little MJ, Reif PGet al. The silicon liquid crystal light valve.J Appl Phys1985;57: 1356–1368..
Armitage D, Anderson W, Karr TJ. High-speed spatial light modulator.IEEE J Quantum Electron1985;21: 1241–1248..
Collings N, Pourzand AR, Vladimirov FL, Pletneva NI, Chaika AN. Pixelated liquid-crystal light valve for neural network application.Appl Opt1999;38: 6184–6189..
Kirzhner MG, Klebanov M, Lyubin V, Collings N, Abdulhalim I. Liquid crystal high-resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator using a nanodimensional chalcogenide photosensor.Opt Lett2014;39: 2048–2051..
Collings N, Wilkinson TD, Jeziorska A, Davey AB, Movaghar Bet al. Charge-injecting layers for liquid crystal light valves.Proc SPIE2004;5464: 421–427..
Wick DV, Martinez T, Wood MV, Wilkes JM, Gruneisen MTet al. Deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator that demonstrates high diffraction efficiency and 370-line pairs/mm resolution.Appl Opt1999;38: 3798–3803..
White DL, Feldman M. Liquid-crystal light valves.Electron Lett1970;6: 837–839..
Aubourg P, Huignard JP, Hareng M, Mullen RA. Liquid crystal light valve using bulk monocrystalline Bi12SiO20as the photoconductive material.Appl Opt1982;21: 3706–3712..
Lynn B, Blanche PA, Peyghambarian N. Photorefractive polymers for holography.J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys2014;52: 193–231..
Bartkiewicz S, Matczyszyn K, Miniewicz A, Kajzar F. High gain of light in photoconducting polymer–nematic liquid crystal hybrid structures.Opt Commun2001;187: 257–261..
Yao F, Pei Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hou Cet al. High-resolution photorefractive gratings in nematic liquid crystals sandwiched with photoconductive polymer film.Appl Phys B2008;92: 573–576..
Wang L, Moddel G. Effects of charge spreading on resolution of optically addressed spatial light modulators.Opt Lett1994;19: 2033–2035..
Wang L, Moddel G. Resolution limits from charge transport in optically addressed spatial light modulators.J Appl Phys1995;78: 6923–6935..
Konstantatos G, Howard I, Fischer A, Hoogland S, Clifford Jet al. Ultrasensitive solution-cast quantum dot photodetectors.Nature2006;442: 180–183..
Efros AL, Rosen M. The electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals.Annu Rev Mater Sci2000;30: 475–521..
Slinger C, Cameron C, Stanley M. Computer-generated holography as a generic display technology.Computer2005;38: 46–53..
Özgür Ü, Alivov YI, Liu C, Teke A, Reshchikov MAet al. A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices.J Appl Phys2005;98: 041301..
Carrey J, Carrère H, Kahn ML, Chaudret B, Marie Xet al. Photoconductivity of self-assembled ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by organometallic chemistry.Semicond Sci Technol2008;23: 025003..
Janotti A, van de Walle CG. Fundamentals of zinc oxide as a semiconductor.Rep Prog Phys2009;72: 126501..
Li QH, Gao T, Wang YG, Wang TH. Adsorption and desorption of oxygen probed from ZnO nanowire films by photocurrent measurements.Appl Phys Lett2005;86: 123117..
Jin Y, Wang J, Sun B, Blakesley JC, Greenham NC. Solution-processed ultraviolet photodetectors based on colloidal ZnO nanoparticles.Nano Lett2008;8: 1649–1653..
Melnick DA. Zinc Oxide photoconduction, an oxygen adsorption process.J Chem Phys1957;26: 1136–1146..
van de Lagemaat J, Frank AJ. Nonthermalized electron transport in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2films: transient photocurrent and random-walk modeling studies.J Phys Chem B2001;105: 11194–11205..
Tiwana P, Docampo P, Johnston MB, Snaith HJ, Herz LM. Electron mobility and injection dynamics in mesoporous ZnO, SnO2, and TiO2films used in dye-sensitized solar cells.ACS Nano2011;5: 5158–5166..
Koch U, Fojtik A, Weller H, Henglein A. Photochemistry of semiconductor colloids. Preparation of extremely small ZnO particles, fluorescence phenomena and size quantization effects.Chem Phys Lett1985;122: 507–510..
Bahnemann DW, Kormann C, Hoffmann MR. Preparation and characterization of quantum size zinc oxide: a detailed spectroscopic study.J Phys Chem1987;91: 3789–3798..
Kaczmarek M, Dyadyusha A, Slussarenko S, Khoo IC. The role of surface charge field in two-beam coupling in liquid crystal cells with photoconducting polymer layers.J Appl Phys2004;96: 2616–2623..