Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus

Yohannes Abate; Sampath Gamage; Zhen Li; Viktoriia Babicheva; Mohammad H Javani; Han Wang; Stephen B Cronin; Mark I Stockman

doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.162

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Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus

Original Articles

- Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 5, Issue 4, (2016)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Center for Nano-Optics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
  2.Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Optics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
  3.Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Author bio：
  
  Y Abate, Email: yabate@gsu.edu
  MI Stockman, Email: mstockman@gsu.edu
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2016.162
  CLC：
- Published：2016-12，
  
  Published Online：09 May 2016，
  
  Received：09 December 2015，
  
  Revised：22 April 2016，
  
  Accepted：06 May 2016
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Abate, Y. et al. Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus. Light: Science & Applications, 5, e16162 (2016).
DOI：

Abate, Y. et al. Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus. Light: Science & Applications, 5, e16162 (2016). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2016.162.

摘要

Abstract

Black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging two-dimensional material with intriguing physical properties. It is highly anisotropic and highly tunable by means of both the number of monolayers and surface doping. Here

we experimentally investigate and theoretically interpret the near-field properties of a-few-atomic-monolayer nanoflakes of BP. We discover near-field patterns of bright outside fringes and a high surface polarizability of nanofilm BP consistent with its surface-metallic

plasmonic behavior at mid-infrared frequencies

1176 cm

−1

. We conclude that these fringes are caused by the formation of a highly polarizable layer at the BP surface. This layer has a thickness of ~1 nm and exhibits plasmonic behavior. We estimate that it contains free carriers in a concentration of

≈1.1 × 10

−3

. Surface plasmonic behavior is observed for 10–40 nm BP thicknesses but absent for a 4-nm BP thickness. This discovery opens up a new field of research and po

tential applications in nanoelectronics

plasmonics and optoelectronics.

关键词

Keywords

black phosphorusinfrared spectroscopymetallic surface layernear-field nanoscopytwo-dimensional materials

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