Red light at intensities above 10 lx alters sleep–wake behavior in mice

Ze Zhang; Hui-Jing Wang; Dian-Ru Wang; Wei-Min Qu; Zhi-Li Huang

doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.231

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Red light at intensities above 10 lx alters sleep–wake behavior in mice

Original Articles

- Red light at intensities above 10 lx alters sleep–wake behavior in mice
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 6, Issue 2, (2017)
- Affiliations：
  
  Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Author bio：
  
  WM Qu, Email: quweimin@fudan.edu.cn
  ZL Huang, Email: huangzl@fudan.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2016.231
  CLC：
- Published：2017-06，
  
  Published Online：27 September 2016，
  
  Received：04 February 2016，
  
  Revised：16 September 2016，
  
  Accepted：21 September 2016
- Accepted：
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Zhang, Z. et al. Red light at intensities above 10 lx alters sleep–wake behavior in mice. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e16231 (2017).
DOI：

Zhang, Z. et al. Red light at intensities above 10 lx alters sleep–wake behavior in mice. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e16231 (2017). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2016.231.

摘要

Abstract

Sleep is regulated by two mechanisms: the homeostatic process and the circadian clock. Light affects sleep and alertness by entraining the circadian clock

and acutely inducing sleep/alertness

in a manner mediated by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Because intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells are believed to be minimally sensitive to red light

which is widely used for illumination to reduce the photic disturbance to nocturnal animals during the dark phase. However

the appropriate intensity of the red light is unknown. In the present study

we recorded electroencephalograms and electromyograms of freely moving mice to investigate the effects of red light emitted by light-emitting diodes at different intensities and for different durations on the sleep–wake behavior of mice. White light was used as a control. Unexpectedly

red light exerted potent sleep-inducing effects and changed the sleep architecture in terms of the duration and number of sleep episodes

the stage transition

and the EEG power density when the intensity was > 20 lx. Subsequently

we lowered the light intensity and demonstrated that red light at or below 10 lx did not affect sleep–wake behavior. White light markedly induced sleep and disrupted sleep architecture even at an intensity as low as 10 lx. Our findings highlight the importance of limiting the intensity of red light (⩽10 lx) to avoid optical influence in nocturnal behavioral experiments

particularly in the field of sleep and circadian research.

关键词

Keywords

circadianlightlight-emitting diodemasking

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