
1.Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
2.Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
3.Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
4.Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
5.Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute and MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
6.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
C Rowlands, Email: chrisrow@mit.edu
Published:2017-06,
Published Online:23 November 2016,
Received:22 January 2016,
Revised:17 November 2016,
Accepted:21 November 2016
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Rowlands, C. J. et al. Wide-field three-photon excitation in biological samples. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e16255 (2017).
Rowlands, C. J. et al. Wide-field three-photon excitation in biological samples. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e16255 (2017). DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.255.
Three-photon wide-field depth-resolved excitation is used to overcome some of the limitations in conventional point-scanning two- and three-photon microscopy. Excitation of chromophores as diverse as channelrhodopsins and quantum dots is shown
and a penetration depth of more than 700 μm into fixed scattering brain tissue is achieved
approximately twice as deep as that achieved using two-photon wide-field excitation. Compatibility with live animal experiments is confirmed by imaging the cerebral vasculature of an anesthetized mouse; a complete focal stack was obtained without any evidence of photodamage. As an additional validation of the utility of wide-field three-photon excitation
functional excitation is demonstrated by performing three-photon optogenetic stimulation of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons expressing a channelrhodopsin; action potentials could reliably be excited without causing photodamage.
biophotonicsmultiphoton microscopyoptogeneticstemporal focusingthree-photon
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