
1.Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
2.Control of Stem Cell Potency Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
3.École Normale Supérieure—PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
4.Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, F-75005 Paris, France
5.CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, F-75005 Paris, France
6.Integrative Cell and Tissue Dynamics Group, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
7.Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
8.Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
A Raya, Email: araya@cmrb.eu
D Zalvidea, Email: dzalvidea@ibecbarcelona.eu
Published:2016-09,
Published Online:29 January 2016,
Received:09 July 2015,
Revised:25 January 2016,
Accepted:27 January 2016
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Tekeli, I. et al. Long-term in vivo single-cell lineage tracing of deep structures using three-photon activation. Light: Science & Applications, 5, e16084 (2016).
Tekeli, I. et al. Long-term in vivo single-cell lineage tracing of deep structures using three-photon activation. Light: Science & Applications, 5, e16084 (2016). DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.84.
Genetic labeling techniques allow for n
oninvasive lineage tracing of cells
in vivo
. Two-photon inducible activators provide spatial resolution for superficial cells
but labeling cells located deep within tissues is precluded by scattering of the far-red illumination required for two-photon photolysis. Three-photon illumination has been shown to overcome the limitations of two-photon microscopy for
in vivo
imaging of deep structures
but whether it can be used for photoactivation remains to be tested. Here we show
both theoretically and experimentally
that three-photon illumination overcomes scattering problems by combining longer wavelength excitation with high uncaging three-photon cross-section molecules. We prospectively labeled heart muscle cells in zebrafish embryos and found permanent labeling in their progeny in adult animals with negligible tissue damage. This technique allows for a noninvasive genetic manipulation
in vivo
with spatial
temporal and cell-type specificity
and may have wide applicability in experimental biology.
multi-photon microscopyphotoactivationthree-photon microscopyzebrafish
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