Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Chen, T. H. et al. Ultrafast z-scanning for high-efficiency laser micro-machining. Light: Science & Applications, 3, 17181 (2018).
DOI:
Chen, T. H. et al. Ultrafast z-scanning for high-efficiency laser micro-machining. Light: Science & Applications, 3, 17181 (2018). DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.181.
Ultrafast z-scanning for high-efficiency laser micro-machining
High-throughput laser micro-machining demands precise control of the laser beam position to achieve optimal efficiency
but existing methods can be both time-consuming and cost-prohibitive. In this paper
we demonstrate a new high-throughput micro-machining technique based on rapidly scanning the laser focal point along the optical axis using an acoustically driven variable focal length lens. Our results show that this scanning method enables higher machining rates over a range of defocus distances and that the effect becomes more significant as the laser energy is increased. In a specific example of silicon
we achieve a nearly threefold increase in the machining rate
while maintaining sharp side walls and a small spot size. This method has great potential for improving the micro-machining efficiency of conventional systems and also opens the door to applying laser machining to workpieces with uneven topography that have been traditionally difficult to process.
关键词
Keywords
high-efficiency micro-machininglaser material processingTAG lensultrafast z-scanning
references
Malinauskas M, Žukauskas A, Hasegawa S, Hayasaki Y, Mizeikis Vet al. Ultrafast laser processing of materials: from science to industry.Light Sci Appl2016;5: e16133..
Shiu PP, Knopf GK, Ostojic M, Nikumb S. Rapid fabrication of tooling for microfluidic devices via laser micromachining and hot embossing.J Micromech Microeng2008;18: 025012..
Saga T. Advances in crystalline silicon solar cell technology for industrial mass production.NPG Asia Mater2010;2: 96–102..
Kim TN, Campbell K, Groisman A, Kleinfeld D, Schaffer CB. Femtosecond laser-drilled capillary integrated into a microfluidic device.Appl Phys Lett2005;86: 201106..
Baker CA, Bulloch R, Roper MG. Comparison of separation performance of laser-ablated and wet-etched microfluidic devices.Anal Bioanal Chem2011;399: 1473–1479..
Gu E, Jeon CW, Choi HW, Rice G, Dawson MDet al. Micromachining and dicing of sapphire, gallium nitride and micro LED devices with UV copper vapour laser.Thin Solid Films2004;453-454: 462–466..
Wang DL, Cui HJ, Hou GJ, Zhu ZG, Yan QBet al. Highly efficient light management for perovskite solar cells.Sci Rep2016;6: 18922..
Carey JE, Crouch CH, Shen M, Mazur E. Visible and near-infrared responsivity of femtosecond-laser microstructured silicon photodiodes.Opt Lett2005;30: 1773–1775..
Davis SP, Prausnitz MR, Allen MG Fabrication and Characterization of Laser Micromachined Hollow Microneedles. Proceedings of 12th International Conference on, 2003 TRANSDUCERS, Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems; 8–12 June 2003; IEEE: Boston,MA, USA, 2003..
Brazzle J, Papautsky I, Frazier A. Micromachined needle arrays for drug delivery or fluid extraction.IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag1999;18: 53–58..
Caliano G, Carotenuto R, Cianci E, Foglietti V, Caronti Aet al. Design, fabrication and characterization of a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic probe for medical imaging.IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control2005;52: 2259–2269..
Oralkan O, Ergun AS, Johnson JA, Karaman M, Demirci Uet al. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers: next-generation arrays for acoustic imaging?IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control2002;49: 1596–1610..
Nijs JF, Szlufcik J, Poortmans J, Sivoththaman S, Mertens RP. Advanced cost-effective crystalline silicon solar cell technologies.Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells2001;65: 249–259..
Gower MC. Industrial applications of laser micromachining.Opt Express2000;7: 56–67..
Neuhaus DH, Münzer A. Industrial silicon wafer solar cells.Adv OptoElectron2007;2007: 24521..
Bechtold P, Zimmermann M, Roth S, Alexeev I, Schmidt M. Ultrashort laser pulse technology.Opt Sci2015;3: 245..
Duocastella M, Arnold CB. Bessel and annular beams for materials processing.Laser Photon Rev2012;6: 607–621..
Kammel R, Ackermann R, Thomas J, Götte J, Skupin Set al. Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing.Light: Sci Appl2014;3: e169..
Sanner N, Huot N, Audouard N, Larat C, Huignard JPet al. Programmable focal spot shaping of amplified femtosecond laser pulses.Opt Lett2005;30: 1479–1481..
Lin JY, Huang RP, Tsai PS, Lee CH. Wide-field super-resolution optical sectioning microscopy using a single spatial light modulator.J Opt A2008;11: 015301..
Bush K, German D, Klemme B, Marrs A, Schoen M Electrostatic membrane deformable mirror wavefront control systems: design and analysis. Proceedings of the SPIE 5553, Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications Ⅱ; 12 October 2004, SPIE: Denver, CO, USA, 2004. 5553: 28–38..
Bifano TG, Perreault JA, Bierden PA, Dimas CE Micromachined Deformable Mirrors for Adaptive Optics. Proceedings of the SPIE 4825, High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications Ⅳ; 6 November 2002, SPIE: Seattle, WA, USA, 2002. 4825: 10–13.
Ren H, Wu ST. Variable-focus liquid lens by changing aperture.Appl Phys Lett2005;86: 211107..
Ren HW, Fox D, Anderson PA, Wu B, Wu ST. Tunable-focus liquid lens controlled using a servo motor.Opt Express2006;14: 8031–8036..
Naumov AF, Loktev MY, Guralnik IR, Vdovin G. Liquid-crystal adaptive lenses with modal control.Opt Lett1998;23: 992–994..
Mermillod-Blondin A, McLeod E, Arnold CB. High-speed varifocal imaging with a tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens.Opt Lett2008;33: 2146–2148..
Chen TH, Ault JT, Stone HA, Arnold CB. High-speed axial-scanning wide-field microscopy for volumetric particle tracking velocimetry.Exp Fluids2017;58: 41..
Duocastella M, Arnold CB. Enhanced depth of field laser processing using an ultra-high-speed axial scanner.Appl Phys Lett2013;102: 061113..
Lu QM, Mao SS, Mao XL, Russo RE. Delayed phase explosion during high-power nanosecond laser ablation of silicon.Appl Phys Lett2002;80: 3072–3074..
Yoo JH, Jeong SH, Greif R, Russo RE. Explosive change in crater properties during high power nanosecond laser ablation of silicon.J Appl Phys2000;88: 1638–1649..
Schwarz-Selinger T, Cahill DG, Chen SC, Moon SJ, Grigoropoulos CP. Micron-scale modifications of Si surface morphology by pulsed-laser texturing.Phys Rev B Condens Matter Mater Phys2001;64: 155323..
Liu JM. Simple technique for measurements of pulsed Gaussian-beam spot sizes.Opt Lett1982;7: 196–198..
Hoel PG, Port SC, Stone CJIntroduction to Probability Theory. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin; 1971.
Srinivasan R, Braren B. Ablative photodecomposition of polymer films by pulsed far-ultraviolet (193 nm) laser radiation: dependence of etch depth on experimental conditions.J Polymer Sci1984;22: 2601–2609..
Srinivasan R, Braren B. Ultraviolet laser ablation of organic polymers.Chem Rev1989;89: 1303–1316..
Wang WJ, Mei XS, Jiang GD, Lei ST, Yang CE. Effect of two typical focus positions on microstructure shape and morphology in femtosecond laser multi-pulse ablation of metals.Appl Surf Sci2008;255: 2303–2311..