Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling

Eileen Otte; Carmelo Rosales-Guzmán; Bienvenu Ndagano; Cornelia Denz; Andrew Forbes

doi:10.1038/lsa.2018.9

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling

Original Articles

- Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 7, Issue 3, (2018)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster D-48149, Germany
  2.School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa
- Author bio：
  
  C Rosales-Guzmán, Email: carmelo.rosalesguzman@wits.ac.za
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2018.9
  CLC：
- Published：2018，
  
  Published Online：04 May 2018，
  
  Received：27 September 2017，
  
  Revised：15 January 2018，
  
  Accepted：19 January 2018
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Otte, E. et al. Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling. Light: Science & Applications, 3, 18009 (2018).
DOI：

Otte, E. et al. Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling. Light: Science & Applications, 3, 18009 (2018). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2018.9.

摘要

Abstract

It is well known that the entanglement of a quantum state is invariant under local unitary transformations. This rule dictates

for example

that the entanglement of internal degrees of freedom of a photon remains invariant during free-space propagation. Here

we outline a scenario in which this paradigm does not hold. Using local Bell states engineered from classical vector vortex beams with non-separable degrees of freedom

the so-called classically entangled states

we demonstrate that the entanglement evolves during propagation

oscillating between maximally entangled (purely vector) and product states (purely scalar). We outline the spin–orbit interaction behind these novel propagation dynamics and confirm the results experimentally

demonstrating spin–orbit coupling in paraxial beams. This demonstration highlights a hitherto unnoticed property of classical entanglement and simultaneously offers a device for the on-demand delivery of vector states to targets

for example

for dynamic laser materials processing

switchable resolution within stimulated emission depletion (STED) systems

and a tractor beam for entanglement.

关键词

Keywords

classical entanglementcomplex light fieldsentanglement oscillationspin–orbit coupling

references

Spreeuw RJC. A classical analogy of entanglement.Found Phys1998;28: 361–374..

Pereira LJ, Khoury AZ, Dechoum K. Quantum and classical separability of spin-orbit laser modes.Phys Rev A2014;90: 053842..

Guzman-Silva D, Brüning R, Zimmermann F, Vetter C, Gräfe Met al. Demonstration of local teleportation using classical entanglement.Laser Photonics Rev2016;10: 317–321..

Souza CER, Huguenin JAO, Khoury AZ. Topological phase structure of vector vortex beams.J Opt Soc Am A2014;31: 1007–1012..

Vieira AR, Hor-Meyll M, Khoury AZ. Spin-orbit mode selection with a modified Sagnac interferometer.J Opt Soc Am B2013;30: 1623–1626..

Pinheiro ARC, Souza CER, Caetano DP, Huguenin JAO, Schmidt AGMet al. Vector vortex implementation of a quantum game.J Opt Soc Am B2013;30: 3210–3214..

Karimi E, Boyd RW. Classical entanglement?Science2015;350: 1172–1173..

Karimi E, Leach J, Slussarenko S, Piccirillo B, Marrucci Let al. Spin-orbit hybrid entanglement of photons and quantum contextuality.Phys Rev A2010;82: 022115..

Galvez EJ, Khadka S, Schubert WH, Nomoto S. Poincaré-beam patterns produced by nonseparable superpositions of Laguerre-Gauss and polarization modes of light.Appl Opt2012;51: 2925–2934..

Aiello A, Töppel F, Marquardt C, Giacobino E, Leuchs G. Quantum-like nonseparable structures in optical beams.New J Phys2015;17: 043024..

Ndagano B, Perez-Garcia B, Roux FS, McLaren M, Rosales-Guzmán Cet al. Characterizing quantum channels with non-separable states of classical light.Nat Phys2017;13: 397–402..

Souza CER, Borges CVS, Khoury AZ, Huguenin JAO, Aolita Let al. Quantum key distribution without a shared reference frame.Phys Rev A2008;77: 032345..

Vallone G, D'Ambrosio V, Sponselli A, Slussarenko S, Marrucci Let al. Free-space quantum key distribution by rotation-invariant twisted photons.Phys Rev Lett2014;113: 060503..

Milione G, Nguyen TA, Leach J, Nolan DA, Alfano RR. Using the nonseparability of vector beams to encode information for optical communication.Opt Lett2015;40: 4887–4890..

Li PY, Wang B, Zhang XD. High-dimensional encoding based on classical nonseparability.Opt Express2016;24: 15143–15159..

Milione G, Lavery MPJ, Huang H, Ren YX, Xie GDet al. 4 × 20 Gbit/s mode division multiplexing over free space using vector modes and aq-plate mode (de)multiplexer.Opt Lett2015;40: 1980–1983..

Nivas JJJ, Cardano F, Song ZM, Rubano A, Fittipaldi Ret al. Surface structuring with polarization-singular femtosecond laser beams generated by aq-plate.Sci Rep2017;7: 42142..

Niziev VG, Nesterov AV. Influence of beam polarization on laser cutting efficiency.J Phys D1999;32: 1455–1461..

Meier M, Romano V, Feurer T. Material processing with pulsed radially and azimuthally polarized laser radiation.Appl Phys A2007;86: 329–334..

Töppel F, Aiello A, Marquardt C, Giacobino E, Leuchs G. Classical entanglement in polarization metrology.New J Phys2014;16: 073019..

Berg-Johansen S, Töppel F, Stiller B, Banzer P, Ornigotti Met al. Classically entangled optical beams for high-speed kinematic sensing.Optica2015;2: 864–868..

D'Ambrosio V, Spagnolo N, del Re L, Slussarenko S, Li Yet al. Photonic polarization gears for ultra-sensitive angular measurements.Nat Commun2013;4: 2432..

Biss DP, Youngworth KS, Brown TG. Dark-field imaging with cylindrical-vector beams.Appl Opt2006;45: 470–479..

Zhan QW. Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications.Adv Opt Photonics2009;1: 1–57..

Chen R, Agarwal K, Sheppard CJR, Chen XD. Imaging using cylindrical vector beams in a high-numerical-aperture microscopy system.Opt Lett2013;38: 3111–3114..

Segawa S, Kozawa Y, Sato S. Demonstration of subtraction imaging in confocal microscopy with vector beams.Opt Lett2014;39: 4529–4532..

Dorn R, Quabis S, Leuchs G. Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam.Phys Rev Lett2003;91: 233901..

Youngworth KS, Brown TG. Focusing of high numerical aperture cylindrical-vector beams.Opt Express2000;7: 77–87..

Zhan QW, Leger JR. Focus shaping using cylindrical vector beams.Opt Express2002;10: 324–331..

Lerman GM, Stern L, Levy U. Generation and tight focusing of hybridly polarized vector beams.Opt Express2010;18: 27650–27657..

Török P, Munro PRT. The use of Gauss-Laguerre vector beams in STED microscopy.Opt Express2004;12: 3605–3617..

Hao X, Kuang CF, Wang TT, Liu X. Effects of polarization on the de-excitation dark focal spot in STED microscopy.J Opt2010;12: 115707..

Bliokh KY, Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Nori F, Zayats AV. Spin–orbit interactions of light.Nat Photonics2015;9: 796–808..

Marrucci L, Manzo C, Paparo D. Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in inhomogeneous anisotropic media.Phys Rev Lett2006;96: 163905..

Novitsky A, Qiu CW, Wang HF. Single gradientless light beam drags particles as tractor beams.Phys Rev Lett2011;107: 203601..

Brzobohatý O, Karásek V, Šiler M, Chvátal L, Čižmár Tet al. Experimental demonstration of optical transport, sorting and self-arrangement using a 'tractor beam'.Nat Photonics2013;7: 123–127..

Ruffner DB, Grier DG. Optical conveyors: a class of active tractor beams.Phys Rev Lett2012;109: 163903..

Gorlach AA, Gorlach MA, Lavrinenko AV, Novitsky A. Matter-wave tractor beams.Phys Rev Lett2017;118: 180401..

McLaren M, Konrad T, Forbes A. Measuring the nonseparability of vector vortex beams.Phys Rev A2015;92: 023833..

Wootters W. Entanglement of formation and concurrence.Quantum Inf Comput2001;1: 27–44..

Hill S, Wootters WK. Entanglement of a pair of quantum bits.Phys Rev Lett1997;78: 5022–5025..

Goodman JW.Introduction to Fourier Optics. 2 edn. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996.

Rosales-Guzmán C, Forbes A.How to Shape Light with Spatial Light Modulators. SPIE Press; 2017.

Rosales-Guzmán C, Bhebhe N, Mahonisi N, Forbes A. Multiplexing 200 spatial modes with a single hologram.J Opt2017;19: 113501..

Rosales-Guzmán C, Bhebhe N, Forbes A. Simultaneous generation of multiple vector beams on a single SLM.Opt Express2017;25: 25697–25706..

Ndagano B, Sroor H, McLaren M, Rosales-Guzmán C, Forbes A. Beam quality measure for vector beams.Opt Lett2016;41: 3407–3410..

Ndagano B, Nape I, Perez-Garcia B, Scholes S, Hernandez-Aranda RIet al. A deterministic detector for vector vortex states.Sci Rep2017;7: 13882..

Sit A, Bouchard F, Fickler R, Gagnon-Bischoff J, Larocque Het al. High-dimensional intracity quantum cryptography with structured photons.Optica2017;4: 1006–1010..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰