
1.State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Genome and College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
2.Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
3.School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315221, China
4.Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
5.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
Yixi Zhuang (zhuangyixi@xmu.edu.cn)
Rong-Jun Xie (rjxie@xmu.edu.cn)
Published:31 July 2021,
Published Online:23 June 2021,
Received:07 March 2021,
Revised:25 May 2021,
Accepted:10 June 2021
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Zhuang, Y. X. et al. X-ray-charged bright persistent luminescence in NaYF4: Ln3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles for multidimensional optical information storage. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 1362-1371 (2021).
Zhuang, Y. X. et al. X-ray-charged bright persistent luminescence in NaYF4: Ln3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles for multidimensional optical information storage. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 1362-1371 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00575-w.
NaYF
4
: Ln
3+
due to its outstanding upconversion characteristics
has become one of the most important luminescent nanomaterials in biological imaging
optical information storage
and anticounterfeiting applications. However
the large specific surface area of NaYF
4
: Ln
3+
nanoparticles generally leads to serious nonradiative transitions
which may greatly hinder the discovery of new optical functionality with promising applications. In this paper
we report that monodispersed nanoscale NaYF
4
: Ln
3+
unexpectedly
can also be an excellent persistent luminescent (PersL) material. The NaYF
4
: Ln
3+
nanoparticles with surface-passivated core–shell structures exhibit intense X-ray-charged PersL and narrow-band emissions tunable from 480 to 1060 nm. A mechanism for PersL in NaYF
4
: Ln
3+
is proposed by means of thermoluminescence measurements and host-referred binding energy (HRBE) scheme
which suggests that some lanthanide ions (such as Tb) may also act as effective electron traps to achieve intense PersL. The uniform and spherical NaYF
4
: Ln
3+
nanoparticles are dispersible in
solvents
thus enabling many applications that are not accessible for traditional PersL phosphors. A new 3-dimensional (2 dimensions of planar space and 1 dimension of wavelength) optical information-storage application is demonstrated by inkjet-printing multicolor PersL nanoparticles. The multicolor persistent luminescence
as an emerging and promising emissive mode in NaYF
4
: Ln
3+
will provide great opportunities for nanomaterials to be applied to a wider range of fields.
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