Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32 × 4 optical switch for ROADM applications

Xiaotian Zhu; Xiang Wang; Yanlu Huang; Liyan Wu; Chunfei Zhao; Mingzhu Xiao; Luyi Wang; Roy Davidson; Yanni Ou; Brent E. Little; Sai T. Chu

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01456-8

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32 × 4 optical switch for ROADM applications

Original Articles

- Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32 × 4 optical switch for ROADM applications
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 13, Issue 5, Pages: 875-884(2024)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
  2.QXP Technologies Inc., NO. 15th Shanglinyuan 1st Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
  3.State Key Laboratory of Information of Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Author bio：
  
  Sai T. Chu (saitchu@cityu.edu.hk)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01456-8
  CLC：
- Received：30 December 2023，
  
  Revised：2024-04-09，
  
  Accepted：12 April 2024，
  
  Published Online：24 April 2024，
  
  Published：31 May 2024
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Zhu, X. T. et al. Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32 × 4 optical switch for ROADM applications. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 875-884 (2024).
DOI：

Zhu, X. T. et al. Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32 × 4 optical switch for ROADM applications. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 875-884 (2024). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01456-8.

摘要

Abstract

Integrated switches play a crucial role in the development of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) that have greater flexibility and compactness

ultimately leading to robust single-chip solutions. Despite decades of research on switches with various structures and platforms

achieving a balance between dense integration

low insertion loss (IL)

and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) remains a significant challenge. In this paper

we propose and demonstrate a 32 × 4 optical switch using high-index doped silica glass (HDSG) for ROADM applications. This switch is designed to route any of the 32 inputs to the express ports or drop any channels from 32 inputs to the target 4 drop ports or add any of the 4 ports to any of the 32 express channels. The switch comprises 188 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) type switch elements

88 optical vias for the 44 optical bridges

and 618 waveguide-waveguide crossings with three-dimensional (3D) structures. At 1550 nm

the fiber-to-fiber loss for each express channel is below 2 dB

and across the C and L bands

below 3 dB. For each input channel to all 4 drop/add channels at 1550 nm

the loss is less than 3.5 dB and less than 5 dB across the C and L bands. The PDLs for all express and input channels to the 4 drop/add channels are below 0.3 dB over the C band

and the crosstalk is under −50 dB for both the C and L bands.

关键词

Keywords

references

Tibuleac, S.&Filer, M. Trends in next-generation ROADM networks. Proceedings of the 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. Geneva: IEEE, 1-3. (2011).

Collings, B. C. Advanced ROADM technologies and architectures. 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition. Los Angeles: IEEE, 1-3. (2015).

Perr in, S. Next-Generation ROADM architectures & benefits. at https://www.fujitsu.com/ca/en/Images/Fujitsu-NG-ROADM.pdf https://www.fujitsu.com/ca/en/Images/Fujitsu-NG-ROADM.pdf URL.

Mitra, A. et al. Network equipment and their procurement strategy for high capacity elastic optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8 , A201–A211 (2016)..

Lu, L. J. et al. Asymmetric CDC ROADM architecture for efficient support of bi-directional asymmetric traffic demands. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. Bari: IEEE, 1-4. (2020).

Boutaba, R., Shahriar, N. & Fathi, S. Elastic optical networking for 5G transport. J. Netw. Syst. Manag. 25 , 819–847 (2017)..

Strasser, T. A. & Wagener, J. L. Wavelength-selective switches for ROADM applications. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16 , 1150–1157 (2010)..

Ma, Y. R. et al. Recent progress of wavelength selective switch. J. Light. Technol. 39 , 896–903 (2021)..

The seven vectors of ROADM evolution. at https://www.infinera.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Seven-Vectors-of-ROADM-Evolution-0302-WP-RevA-1121.pdf https://www.infinera.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Seven-Vectors-of-ROADM-Evolution-0302-WP-RevA-1121.pdf URL.

Nakamura, S. et al. Optical switches based on silicon photonics for ROADM application. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 22 , 3600609 (2016)..

Tsakyridis, A. et al. A flexible and reconfigurable Si 3 N 4 ROADM-enabled 5G mmWave IFoF fiber wireless fronthaul with 60 GHz beamsteering capabilities. 2020 European Conference on Optical Communications. Brussels: IEEE, 1-4. (2020)..

Zhao, W. K. et al. 96-Channel on-chip reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer for multidimensional multiplexing systems. Nanophotonics 11 , 4299–4313 (2022)..

Soref, R. Tutorial: integrated-photonic switching structures. APL Photonics 3 , 021101 (2018)..

Neilson, D. T. Photonics for switching and routing. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12 , 669–678 (2006)..

Yoo, S. J. B. Prospects and challenges of photonic switching in data centers and computing systems. J. Light. Technol. 40 , 2214–2243 (2022)..

Nikolova, D. et al. Scaling silicon photonic switch fabrics for data center interconnection networks. Opt. Express 23 , 1159–1175 (2015)..

Cheng, Q. X. et al. Photonic switching in high performance datacenters [Invited ] . Opt. Express 26 , 16022–16043 (2018)..

Han, S. et al. Large-scale silicon photonic switches with movable directional couplers. Optica 2 , 370–375 (2015)..

Zhang, X. S. et al. A large-scale microelectromechanical-systems-based silicon photonics LiDAR. Nature 603 , 253–258 (2022)..

Seok, T. J. et al. Large-scale broadband digital silicon photonic switches with vertical adiabatic couplers. Optica 3 , 64–70 (2016)..

Kwon, K. et al. 128×128 silicon photonic MEMS switch with scalable row/column addressing. 2018 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. San Jose: IEEE, 1-2. (2018).

Suzuki, K. et al. Low-insertion-loss and power-efficient 32 × 32 silicon photonics switch with extremely high-Δ silica PLC connector. J. Light. Technol. 37 , 116–122 (2019)..

Chen, L. & Chen, Y. K. Compact, low-loss and low-power 8×8 broadband silicon optical switch. Opt. Express 20 , 18977–18985 (2012)..

Lee, B. G. & Dupuis, N. Silicon photonic switch fabrics: Technology and architecture. J. Light. Technol. 37 , 6–20 (2019)..

Chen, X. J., Lin, J. & Wang, K. A review of silicon-based integrated optical switches. Laser Photonics Rev. 17 , 2200571 (2023)..

Qiao, L., Tang, W. J. & Chu, T. 32 × 32 silicon electro-optic switch with built-in monitors and balanced-status units. Sci. Rep. 7 , 42306 (2017)..

Yang, M. et al. Non-blocking 4 x 4 electro-optic silicon switch for on-chip photonic networks. Opt. Express 19 , 47–54 (2011)..

Sun, X. Y. et al. Silicon nitride based polarization-independent 4 × 4 optical matrix switch. Opt. Laser Technol. 119 , 105641 (2019)..

Ruf, F. et al. Analysis and design of low-loss and fast all-optical switch elements on silicon nitride for integratedquantum photonics. J. Light. Technol. 40 , 7598–7609 (2022)..

Cheng, Q. X. et al. Ultralow-crosstalk, strictly non-blocking microring-based optical switch. Photonics Res. 7 , 155–161 (2019)..

Gao, W. et al. Broadband 32 × 32 strictly-nonblocking optical switch on a multi-layer Si 3 N 4 -on-SOI platform. Laser Photonics Rev. 17 , 2300275 (2023)..

Dumenil, A. Polarization dependent loss in next-generation optical networks: challenges and solutions. at https://theses.hal.science/tel-02880133/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-02880133/document URL.

Mecozzi, A. & Shtaif, M. Signal-to-noise-ratio degradation caused by polarization-dependent loss and the effect of dynamic gain equalization. J. Light. Technol. 22 , 1856–1871 (2004)..

Shtaif, M. Performance degradation in coherent polarization multiplexed systems as a result of polarization dependent loss. Opt. Express 16 , 13918–13932 (2008)..

D'Amico, A. et al. Experimental probing and modeling of the PDL impact on the optical signal-to-noise ratio. 2023 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition. San Diego: IEEE, 1-3. (2023).

Suzuki, K. et al. Nonduplicate polarization-diversity 32 × 32 silicon photonics switch based on a SiN/Si double-layer platform. J. Light. Technol. 38 , 226–232 (2020)..

Konoike, R. et al. Ultra-compact silicon photonics switch with high-density thermo-optic heaters. Opt. Express 27 , 10332–10342 (2019)..

Zhao, S. Y. et al. 16 × 16 sili con Mach–Zehnder interferometer switch actuated with waveguide microheaters. Photonics Res. 4 , 202–207 (2016)..

Zhu, X. T. et al. Low-loss fiber-to-chip edge coupler for silicon nitride integrated circuits. Opt. Express 31 , 10525–10532 (2023)..

Xu, Z. G. et al. Optical router architecture and optical router chip. C.N. Patent 114205691B (2022).

Yamazaki, E. et al. Fast optical channel recovery in field demonstration of 100-Gbit/s Ethernet over OTN using real-time DSP. Opt. Express 19 , 13179–13184 (2011)..

Little, B. E. Broadband optical via. U.S. Patent 7,095,920 (2006).

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Light | Low loss & polarization independent optical switch for ROADM

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰