Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces

Seongjin Park; Jaeyeon Yu; Gerhard Boehm; Mikhail A. Belkin; Jongwon Lee

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01517-y

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces

Original Articles

- Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 13, Issue 8, Pages: 1666-1674(2024)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  2.Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Author bio：
  
  Jongwon Lee (jongwonlee@unist.ac.kr)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01517-y
  CLC：
- Received：19 March 2024，
  
  Revised：23 May 2024，
  
  Accepted：2024-06-30，
  
  Published Online：17 July 2024，
  
  Published：31 August 2024
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Park, S. et al. Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 1666-1674 (2024).
DOI：

Park, S. et al. Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 1666-1674 (2024). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01517-y.

摘要

Abstract

Nonlinear intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces

which integrate giant nonlinear responses derived from intersubband transitions of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with plasmonic nanoresonators

not only facilitate efficient frequency conversion at pump intensities on the order of few tens of kW cm

-2

but also enable electrical modulation of nonlinear responses at the individual meta-atom level and dynamic beam manipulation. The electrical modulation characteristics of the magnitude and phase of the nonlinear optical response are realized through Stark tuning of the resonant intersubband nonlinearity. In this study

we report

for the first time

experimental implementations of electrical modulation characteristics of mid-infrared third-harmonic generation (THG) using an intersubband polaritonic metasurface based on MQW with electrically tunable third-order nonlinear response. Experimentally

we achieved a 450% modulation depth of the THG signal

86% suppression of zero-order THG diffraction tuning based on local phase tuning exceeding 180 degrees

and THG beam steering using phase gradients. Our work proposes a new route for electrically tunable flat nonlinear optical elements with versatile functionalities.

关键词

Keywords

references

Chen, H. T., Taylor, A. J. & Yu, N. F. A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications. Rep. Prog. Phys. 79 , 076401 (2016)..

Li, G. X., Zhang, S. & Zentgraf, T. Nonlinear photonic metasurfaces. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 , 17010 (2017)..

Krasnok, A., Tymchenko, M. & Alù, A. Nonlinear metasurfaces: a paradigm shift in nonlinear optics. Mater. Today 21 , 8–21 (2018)..

Almeida, E., Bitton, O. & Prior, Y. Nonlinear metamaterials for holography. Nat. Commun. 7 , 12533 (2016)..

Ye, W. M. et al. Spin and wavelength multiplexed nonlinear metasurface holography. Nat. Commun. 7 , 11930 (2016)..

Reineke, B. et al. Silicon metasurfaces for third harmonic geometric phase manipulation and multiplexed holography. Nano Lett. 19 , 6585–6591 (2019)..

Schlickriede, C. et al. Nonlinear imaging with all-dielectric metasurfaces. Nano Lett. 20 , 4370–4376 (2020)..

Wang, M. J. et al. Nonlinear chiroptical holography with pancharatnam-berry phase controlled plasmonic metasurface. Laser Photon. Rev. 16 , 2200350 (2022)..

Frese, D. et al. Nonlinear bicolor holography using plasmonic metasurfaces. ACS Photon. 8 , 1013–1019 (2021)..

Walter, F. et al. Ultrathin nonlinear metasurface for optical image encoding. Nano Lett. 17 , 3171–3175 (2017)..

Ma, M. L. et al. Optical information multiplexing with nonlinear coding metasurfaces. Laser Photon. Rev. 13 , 1900045 (2019)..

Tang, Y. T. et al. Nonlinear vectorial metasurface for optical encryption. Phys. Rev. Appl. 12 , 024028 (2019)..

Shcherbakov, M. R. et al. Ultrafast all-optical switching with magnetic resonances in nonlinear dielectric nanostructures. Nano Lett. 15 , 6985–6990 (2015)..

Kang, L. et al. Nonlinear chiral meta-mirrors: enabling technology for ultrafast switching of light polarization. Nano Lett. 20 , 2047–2055 (2020)..

Yu, J. et al. Electrically tunable nonlinear polaritonic metasurface. Nat. Photon. 16 , 72–78 (2022)..

Sharma, M. et al. Electrically and all-optically switchable nonlocal nonlinear metasurfaces. Sci. Adv. 9 , eadh2353 (2023)..

Zhang, D. et al. All-optical modulation of quantum states by nonlinear metasurface. Light Sci. Appl. 11 , 58 (2022)..

Santiago-Cruz, T. et al. Photon pairs from resonant metasurfaces. Nano Lett. 21 , 4423–4429 (2021)..

Solntsev, A. S., Agarwal, G. S. & Kivshar, Y. S. Metasurfaces for quantum photonics. Nat. Photon. 15 , 327–336 (2021)..

Santiago-Cruz, T. et al. Resonant metasurfaces for generating complex quantum states. Science 377 , 991–995 (2022)..

Zhang, J. H. et al. Spatially entangled photon pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces. Sci. Adv. 8 , eabq4240 (2022)..

He, Q., Sun, S. L. & Zhou, L. Tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces: physics and applications. Research 2019 , 1849272 (2019)..

Cai, W. S., Vasudev, A. P. & Brongersma, M. L. Electrically controlled nonlinear generation of light with plasmonics. Science 333 , 1720–1723 (2011)..

Ding, W., Zhou, L. C. & Chou, S. Y. Enhancement and electric charge-assisted tuning of nonlinear light generation in bipolar plasmonics. Nano Lett. 14 , 2822–2830 (2014)..

Kang, L. et al. Electrifying photonic metamaterials for tunable nonlinear optics. Nat. Commun. 5 , 4680 (2014)..

Lee, K. T. et al. Electrically biased silicon metasurfaces with magnetic mie resonance for tunable harmonic generation of light. ACS Photon. 6 , 2663–2670 (2019)..

Soavi, G. et al. Broadband, electrically tunable third-harmonic generation in graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 , 583–588 (2018)..

Ha, S. et al. Enhanced third-harmonic generation by manipulating the twist angle of bilayer graphene. Light Sci. Appl. 10 , 19 (2021)..

Lee, J. et al. Giant nonlinear response from plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions. Nature 511 , 65–69 (2014)..

Wolf, O. et al. Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities. Nat. Commun. 6 , 7667 (2015)..

Lee, J. et al. Ultrathin second-harmonic metasurfaces with record-high nonlinear optical response. Adv. Opt. Mater. 4 , 664–670 (2016)..

Yu, J. et al. Third-harmonic generation from plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions. Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 , 1801510 (2019)..

Sarma, R. et al. An all-dielectric polaritonic metasurface with a giant nonlinear optical response. Nano Lett. 22 , 896–903 (2022)..

Kim, D. et al. Efficient second-harmonic generation from dielectric inter-subband polaritonic metasurfaces coupled to lattice resonance. Nano Lett. 23 , 9003–9010 (2023)..

Sarma, R. et al. Strong coupling in all-dielectric intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces. Nano Lett. 21 , 367–374 (2021)..

Capasso, F., Sirtori, C. & Cho, A. Y. Coupled quantum well semiconductors with giant electric field tunable nonlinear optical properties in the infrared. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 30 , 1313–1326 (1994)..

Rosencher, E. et al. Quantum engineering of optical nonlinearities. Science 271 , 168–173 (1996)..

Yu, J. et al. Broadband giant nonlinear response using electrically tunable polaritonic metasurfaces. Nanophotonics 13 , 1131–1139 (2024)..

Balanis, C. A. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics (Wiley, 1989).

Yu, N. F. et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science 334 , 333–337 (2011)..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰