Structured light analogy of quantum squeezed states

Zhaoyang Wang; Ziyu Zhan; Anton N. Vetlugin; Jun-Yu Ou; Qiang Liu; Yijie Shen; Xing Fu

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01631-x

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Structured light analogy of quantum squeezed states

Original Articles

- Structured light analogy of quantum squeezed states
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 13, Issue 12, Pages: 3139-3150(2024)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  2.State Key Laboratory of Precision Space-Time Information Sensing Technology, Beijing 100084, China
  3.Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
  4.Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences & The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 63737l, Singapore
  5.School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
  6.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Author bio：
  
  Qiang Liu (qiangliu@tsinghua.edu.cn)
  Yijie Shen (yijie.shen@ntu.edu.sg)
  Xing Fu (fuxing@tsinghua.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01631-x
  CLC：
- Received：25 April 2024，
  
  Revised：03 August 2024，
  
  Accepted：2024-09-06，
  
  Published Online：21 October 2024，
  
  Published：31 December 2024
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Wang, Z. Y. et al. Structured light analogy of quantum squeezed states. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 3139-3150 (2024).
DOI：

Wang, Z. Y. et al. Structured light analogy of quantum squeezed states. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 3139-3150 (2024). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01631-x.

摘要

Abstract

Quantum optics has advanced our understanding

of the nature of light and enabled applications far beyond what is possible with classical light. The unique capabilities of quantum light have inspired the migration of some conceptual ideas to the realm of classical optics

focusing on replicating and exploiting non-trivial quantum states of discrete-variable systems. Here

we further develop this paradigm by building the analogy of quantum squeezed states using classical structured light. We have found that the mechanism of squeezing

responsible for beating the standard quantum limit in quantum optics

allows for overcoming the “standard spatial limit” in classical optics: the light beam can be “squeezed” along one of the transverse directions in real space (at the expense of its enlargement along the orthogonal direction)

where its width becomes smaller than that of the corresponding fundamental Gaussian mode. We show that classical squeezing enables nearly sub-diffraction and superoscillatory light focusing

which is also accompanied by the nanoscale phase gradient of the size in the order of

/100 (

/1000)

demonstrated in the experiment (simulations). Crucially

the squeezing mechanism allows for continuous tuning of both features by varying the squeezing parameter

thus providing distinctive flexibility for optical microscopy and metrology beyond the diffraction limit and suggesting further exploration of classical analogies of quantum effects.

关键词

Keywords

references

Forbes, A., de Oliveira, M. & Dennis, M. R. Structured light. Nat. Photonics 15 , 253–262 (2021)..

He, C., Shen, Y. J. & Forbes, A. Towards higher-dimensional structured light. Light Sci. Appl. 11 , 205 (2022)..

Wan, Z. S. et al. Ultra-degree-of-freedom structured light for ultracapacity information carriers. ACS Photonics 10 , 2149–2164 (2023)..

Li, C. et al. Arbitrarily structured quantum emission with a multifunctional metalens. eLight 3 , 19 (2023)..

Wang, S. et al. Flexible generation of structured terahertz fields via programmable exchange-biased spintronic emitters. eLight 4 , 11 (2024)..

Schott, G. A. Wave mechanics and classical mechanics and electrodynamics. Nature 119 , 820–822 (1927)..

Qian, X. F. et al. Shifting the quantum-classical boundary: theory and experiment for statistically classical optical fields. Optica 2 , 611–615 (2015)..

Nape, I. et al. Quantum structured light in high dimensions. APL Photonics 8 , 051101 (2023)..

Liu, S. L. et al. Classical analogy of a cat state using vortex light. Commun. Phys. 2 , 75 (2019)..

Schine, N. et al. Synthetic Landau levels for photons. Nature 534 , 671–675 (2016)..

Clark, L. W. et al. Observation of Laughlin states made of light. Nature 582 , 41–45 (2020)..

Corman, L. Light turned into exotic Laughlin matter. Nature 582 , 37–38 (2020)..

Situ, G. H. & Fleischer, J. W. Dynamics of the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition in a photon fluid. Nat. Photonics 14 , 517–522 (2020)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. Structured ray-wave vector vortex beams in multiple degrees of freedom from a laser. Optica 7 , 820–831 (2020)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. Creation and control of high-dimensional multi-partite classically entangled light. Light Sci. Appl. 10 , 50 (2021)..

Guzman-Silva, D. et al. Demonstration of local teleportation using classical entanglement. Laser Photonics Rev. 10 , 317–321 (2016)..

Ndagano, B. et al. Characterizing quantum channels with non-separable states of classical light. Nat. Phys. 13 , 397–402 (2017)..

Zhu, Z. Y. et al. Compensation-free high-dimensional free-space optical communication using turbulence-resilient vector beams. Nat. Commun. 12 , 1666 (2021)..

Wan, Z. S. et al. Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications. Light Sci. Appl. 11 , 144 (2022)..

Forbes, A., Aiello, A. & Ndagano, B. Classically entangled light. Prog. Opt. 64 , 99–153 (2019)..

Shen, Y. J. & Rosales-Guzmán, C. Nonseparable states of light: from quantum to classical. Laser Photonics Rev. 16 , 2100533 (2022)..

Couteau, C. et al. Applications of single photons to quantum communication and computing. Nat. Rev. Phys. 5 , 326–338 (2023)..

Couteau, C. et al. Applications of single photons in quantum metrology, biology and the foundations of quantum physics. Nat. Rev. Phys. 5 , 354–363 (2023)..

Aasi, J. et al. Enhanced sensitivity of the LIGO gravitational wave detector by using squeezed states of light. Nat. Photonics 7 , 613–619 (2013)..

Casacio, C. A. et al. Quantum-enhanced nonlinear microscopy. Nature 594 , 201–206 (2021)..

Malia, B. K. et al. Distributed quantum sensing with mode-entangled spin-squeezed atomic states. Nature 612 , 661–665 (2022)..

Yu, H. C. et al. Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO. Nature 583 , 43–47 (2020)..

Kolobov, M. I. The spatial behavior of nonclassical light. Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 , 1539–1589 (1999)..

Zheludev, N. I. & Yuan, G. H. Optical superoscillation technologies beyond the diffraction limit. Nat. Rev. Phys. 4 , 16–32 (2022)..

Zheludev, N. I. What diffraction limit? Nat. Mater. 7 , 420–422 (2008)..

Chao, P. N. et al. Physical limits in electromagnetism. Nat. Rev. Phys. 4 , 543–559 (2022)..

Dragoman, D. & Dragoman, M. In Quantum-Classical Analogies (eds Dragoman, D. & Dragoman, M. ) 1–7 (Springer, 2004).

Gerry, C. & Knight, P. Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Nienhuis, G. & Allen, L. Paraxial wave optics and harmonic oscillators. Phys. Rev. A 48 , 656–665 (1993)..

Gbur, G. J. Mathematical Methods for Optical Physics and Engineering (Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Lvovsky, A. I. In Photonics: Scientific Foundations, Technology and Applications (ed. Andrews, D. L. ) 121–163 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015).

Schleich, W. P. In Quantum Optics in Phase Space (ed. Schleich, W. P. ) 99–151 (Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin GmbH, 2001).

Harder, G. et al. Single-mode parametric-down-conversion states with 50 photons as a source for mesoscopic quantum Optics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 , 143601 (2016)..

Chen, G., Wen, Z. Q. & Qiu, C. W. Superoscillation: from physics to optical applications. Light Sci. Appl. 8 , 56 (2019)..

Yuan, G. H. & Zheludev, N. I. Detecting nanometric displacements with optical ruler metrology. Science 364 , 771–775 (2019)..

Beck, M. Introductory quantum optics. Am. J. Phys. 73 , 1197–1198 (2005)..

Zhao, Y. J. et al. Creation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with thousands of atoms by entanglement amplific ation. npj Quantum Inf. 7 , 24 (2021)..

Zhang, K. et al. Superoscillation focusing with suppressed sidebands by destructive interference. Opt. Express 30 , 43127–43142 (2022)..

Phillips, R. L. & Andrews, L. C. Spot size and divergence for Laguerre Gaussian beams of any order. Appl. Opt. 22 , 643–644 (1983)..

Inavalli, V. V. G. K. et al. A super-resolution platform for correlative live single-molecule imaging and STED microscopy. Nat. Methods 16 , 1263–1268 (2019)..

Rogers, E. T. F. et al. A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging. Nat. Mater. 11 , 432–435 (2012)..

Ouyang, W. Q. et al. Ultrafast 3D nanofabrication via digital holography. Nat. Commun. 14 , 1716 (2023)..

Lukosz, W. Optical systems with resolving powers exceeding the classical limit. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 56 , 1463–1471 (1966)..

Zivari, A. et al. Non-classica l mechanical states guided in a phononic waveguide. Nat. Phys. 18 , 789–793 (2022)..

Arwas, G. et al. Anyonic-parity-time symmetry in complex-coupled lasers. Sci. Adv. 8 , eabm7454 (2022)..

McMahon, P. L. The physics of optical computing. Nat. Rev. Phys. 5 , 717–734 (2023)..

Meng, Y. et al. Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond. Light Sci. Appl. 10 , 235 (2021)..

Hiekkamäki, M. & Fickler, R. High-dimensional two-photon interference effects in spatial modes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 , 123601 (2021)..

Vetlugin, A. N. Coherent perfect absorption of quantum light. Phys. Rev. A 104 , 013716 (2021)..

Wang, X. L. et al. Quantum teleportation of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon. Nature 518 , 516–519 (2015)..

Arrizón, V. et al. Pixelated phase computer holograms for the accurate encoding of scalar complex fields. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24 , 3500–3507 (2007)..

Scholes, S. et al. Structured light with digital micromirror devices: a guide to best practice. Opt. Eng. 59 , 041202 (2019)..

Novotny, L. & Hecht, B. Principles of Nano-Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2012).

Baykal, Y. Field correlations of a partially coherent optical Gaussian wave in tissue turbulence. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 39 , C6–C11 (2022)..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰