Miniaturized on-chip spectrometer enabled by electrochromic modulation

Menghan Tian; Baolei Liu; Zelin Lu; Yao Wang; Ze Zheng; Jiaqi Song; Xiaolan Zhong; Fan Wang

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01638-4

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Miniaturized on-chip spectrometer enabled by electrochromic modulation

Original Articles

- Miniaturized on-chip spectrometer enabled by electrochromic modulation
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 13, Issue 12, Pages: 3004-3014(2024)
- Affiliations：
  
  School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Author bio：
  
  Baolei Liu (liubaolei@buaa.edu.cn)
  Xiaolan Zhong (zhongxl@buaa.edu.cn)
  Fan Wang (fanwang@buaa.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01638-4
  CLC：
- Received：29 February 2024，
  
  Revised：05 September 2024，
  
  Accepted：2024-09-14，
  
  Published Online：29 September 2024，
  
  Published：31 December 2024
- Accepted：
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Tian, M. H. et al. Miniaturized on-chip spectrometer enabled by electrochromic modulation. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 3004-3014 (2024).
DOI：

Tian, M. H. et al. Miniaturized on-chip spectrometer enabled by electrochromic modulation. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 3004-3014 (2024). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01638-4.

摘要

Abstract

Miniaturized on-chip spectrometers with small footprints

lightweight

and low cost are in great demand for portable optical sensing

lab-on-chip systems

and so on. Such miniaturized spectrometers are usually based on engineered spectral response units and then reconstruct unknown spectra with algorithms. However

due to the limited footprints of computational on-chip spectrometers

the recovered spectral resolution is limited by the number of integrated spectral response units/filters. Thus

it is challenging to improve the spectral resolution without increasing the number of used filters. Here we present a computational on-chip spectrometer using electrochromic filter-based computational spectral units that can be electrochemically modulated to increase the efficient sampling number for higher spectral resolution. These filters are directly integrated on top of the photodetector pixels

and the spectral modulation of the filters results from redox reactions during the dual injection of ions and electrons into the electrochromic material. We experimentally demonstrate that the spectral resolution of the proposed spectrometer can be effectively improved as the number of applied voltages increases. The average difference of the peak wavelengths between the reconstructed and the reference spectra decreases from 1.61 nm to 0.29 nm. We also demonstrate the proposed spectrometer can be worked with only four or two filter units

assisted by electrochromic modulation. In addition

we also demonstrate that the electrochromic filter can be easily adapted for hyperspectral imaging

due to its uniform transparency. This strategy suggests a new way to enhance the performance of miniaturized spectrometers with tunable spectral filters for high resolution

low-cost

and portable spectral sensing

and would also inspire the exploration of other stimulus responses such as photochromic and force-chromic

etc

on computational spectrometers.

关键词

Keywords

references

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