Electro-optic cavities for in-situ measurement of cavity fields

Michael S. Spencer; Joanna M. Urban; Maximilian Frenzel; Niclas S. Mueller; Olga Minakova; Martin Wolf; Alexander Paarmann; Sebastian F. Maehrlein

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01685-x

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Electro-optic cavities for in-situ measurement of cavity fields

Original Articles

- Electro-optic cavities for in-situ measurement of cavity fields
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 14, Issue 3, Pages: 732-745(2025)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
  2.Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
  3.Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Author bio：
  
  Michael S. Spencer (spencer@fhi-berlin.mpg.de)
  Sebastian F. Maehrlein (maehrlein@fhi-berlin.mpg.de)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01685-x
  CLC：
- Received：18 July 2024，
  
  Revised：29 October 2024，
  
  Accepted：2024-11-08，
  
  Published Online：06 February 2025，
  
  Published：31 March 2025
- Accepted：
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Spencer, M. S. et al. Electro-optic cavities for in-situ measurement of cavity fields. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 732-745 (2025).
DOI：

Spencer, M. S. et al. Electro-optic cavities for in-situ measurement of cavity fields. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 732-745 (2025). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01685-x.

摘要

Abstract

Cavity electrodynamics offers a unique avenue for tailoring ground-state material properties

excited-state engineering

and versatile control of quantum matter. Merging these concepts with high-field physics in the terahertz (THz) spectral range opens the door to explore low-energy

field-driven cavity electrodynamics

emerging from fundamental resonances or order parameters. Despite this demand

leveraging the full potential of field-driven material control in cavities is hindered by the lack of direct access to the intra-cavity fields. Here

we demonstrate a new concept of active cavities

consisting of electro-optic Fabry-Pérot resonators

which measure their intra-cavity electric fields on sub-cycle timescales. We thereby demonstrate quantitative retrieval of the cavity modes in amplitude and phase

over a broad THz frequency range. To enable simultaneous intra-cavity sampling alongside excited-state material control

we design a tunable multi-layer cavity

enabling deterministic design of hybrid cavities for polaritonic systems. Our theoretical models reveal the origin of the avoided crossings embedded in the intricate mode dispersion

and will enable fully-switchable polaritonic effects within arbitrary materials hosted by the hybrid cavity. Electro-optic cavities (EOCs) will therefore serve as integrated probes of light-matter interactions across all coupling regimes

laying the foundation for field-resolved intra-cavity quantum electrodynamics.

关键词

Keywords

references

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