Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers

Juan Wang; Shunbin Wang; Xiabing Zhou; Mo Liu; Hao Wu; Yu Yin; Zhipeng Qin; Guoqiang Xie; Zhenrui Li; Pengfei Wang; Yichun Liu

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers

Original Articles

- Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 14, Issue 11, Pages: 3630-3640(2025)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
  2.Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266400, China
  3.School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  4.School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130022, China
  5.School of Physics, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130022, China
- Author bio：
  
  Guoqiang Xie (xiegq@sjtu.edu.cn)
  Zhenrui Li (lizr20@hrbeu.edu.cn)
  Pengfei Wang (pfwang@nenu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z
  CLC：
- Received：06 March 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-08-15，
  
  Accepted：09 September 2025，
  
  Published Online：24 September 2025，
  
  Published：30 November 2025
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Wang, J. et al. Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 2630-2640 (2025).
DOI：

Wang, J. et al. Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 2630-2640 (2025). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z.

摘要

Abstract

3–5-μm mid-infrared (MIR) ultrafast laser sources have garnered significant attention due to their critical applications in spectroscopy

environmental monitoring

and imaging. However

4–5-μm compact fiber laser sources remain a significant technological challenge due to the lack of MIR fibers with good chemical stability

thermal stability

high nonlinearity

and low loss. Here

we develop fluorotellurite fibers based on 60TeO

-20BaF

-10AlF

-10Y

(TBAY) glasses with a wide transmission window

demonstrating tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave (DW) generation beyond 4 µm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers pumped by a 3.54 μm femtosecond laser source. Fluorotellurite fibers with a loss of 0.39 dB/m were fabricated using a rod-in-tube method. The high numerical aperture (NA ~ 1.1@3.5 μm) of TBAY fibers allows the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) to be tuned over a wide range by varying the core diameter of the fibers. The dispersion-engineered TBAY fibers with a core diameter of 6.5 μm enabled 4584 nm Raman soliton generation

while fibers with a core diameter of 3 μm enabled 4177 nm DW generation. We conducted detailed experiments to investigate the influence of pump power and fiber length on SSFS and dispersive wave dynamics. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation corroborate the experimental results. Our results show that TBAY fibers are promising nonlinear media f

or constructing compact ultrafast laser sources in the 4-5 μm wavelength range.

关键词

Keywords

references

Hall, J. L. et al. Ultrasensitive spectroscopy, the ultrastable lasers, the ultrafast lasers, and the seriously nonlinear fiber: a new alliance for physics and metrology. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 37 , 1482–1492 (2001)..

Chang, G. Q. & Wei, Z. Y. Ultrafast fiber lasers: an expanding versatile toolbox. iScience 23 , 101101 (2020)..

Lu, M. J. et al. Interpulse stimulation Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Photonics Res. 11 , 357–363 (2023)..

Webber, M. E., Pushkarsky, M. & Patel, C. K. N. Optical detection of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals: Simulation. J. Appl. Phys. 97 , 113101 (2005)..

Srinivasan, T. & Yildirim, M. Advances in ultrafast fiber lasers for multiphoton microscopy in neuroscience. Photonics 10 , 1307 (2023)..

Chou, L. T. et al. Compact multicolor two-photon fluorescence microscopy enabled by tailorable continuum generation from self-phase modulat ion and dispersive wave generation. Opt. Express 30 , 40315–40327 (2022)..

Shamim, M. H. M. et al. All-fiber coherent supercontinuum generation in a cascade of silica, fluoride, and chalcogenide fibers. J. Phys. Photonics 6 , 045018 (2024)..

Lesko, D. M. B. et al. A six-octave optical frequency comb from a scalable few-cycle erbium fibre laser. Nat. Photonics 15 , 281–286 (2021)..

Jackson, S. D. Mid-infrared fiber laser research: tasks completed and the tasks ahead. APL Photonics 9 , 070904 (2024)..

Agrawal, G. Nonlinear Fiber Optics , 5th edn. (Academic Press, 2013).

Jackson, S. D. Continuous wave 2.9 μm dysprosium-doped fluoride fiber laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 , 1316–1318 (2003)..

Zhang, J. et al. ZnF 2 -modified AlF 3 -based fluoride glasses with enhanced mid-infrared 3.5 μm emission. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 105 , 4691–4698 (2022)..

Schneide, J., Ca rbonnier, C. & Unrau, U. B. Characterization of a Ho 3+ -doped fluoride fiber laser with a 3.9-mum emission wavelength. Appl. Opt. 36 , 8595–8600 (1997)..

Zhang, Z. et al. Enhanced 3.9 μm emission from diode pumped Ho 3+ /Eu 3+ codoped fluoroindate glasses. Opt. Lett. 46 , 2031–2034 (2021)..

Majewski, M. R. & Jackson, S. D. Numerical design of 4 μm-class dysprosium fluoride fiber lasers. J. Lightwave Technol. 39 , 5103–5110 (2021)..

Mitschke, F. M. & Mollenauer, L. F. Discovery of the soliton self-frequency shift. Opt. Lett. 11 , 659–661 (1986)..

Gordon, J. P. Theory of the soliton self-frequencyshift. Opt. Lett. 11 , 662–664 (1986)..

Lee, J. H. et al. Soliton self-frequency shift: experimental demonstrations and applications. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14 , 713–723 (2008)..

Skryabin, D. V. et al. Soliton self-frequency shift cancellation in photonic crystal fibers. Science 301 , 1705–1708 (2003)..

Koptev, M. Y. et al. Widely tunable mid-infrared fiber laser source based on soliton self-frequency shift in microstructured tellurite fiber. Opt. Lett. 40 , 4094–4097 (2015)..

Li, Z. R. et al. Tunable mid-infrared Raman soliton generation from 1.96 to 2.82 μm in an all-solid fluorotellurite fiber. AIP Adv. 8 , 115001 (2018)..

Guo, X. H. et al. Dispersive wave generation at 4µm in a dispersion-engineered fluorotellurite fiber pumped by a 1.98µm femtosecond fiber laser. Optical Mater. Express 12 , 634–642 (2022)..

Duval, S. et al. Watt-level fiber-based femtosecond laser source tunable from 2.8 to 3.6 μm. Opt. Lett. 41 , 5294–5297 (2016)..

Tang, Y. et al. Generation of intense 100 fs solitons tunable from 2 to 4.3 μm in fluoride fiber. Optica 3 , 948–951 (2016)..

Gauthier, J. C. et al. Femtosecond tunable solitons up to 4.8 µm using soliton self-frequency shift in an InF 3 fiber. Sci. Rep. 12 , 15898 (2022)..

Bei, J. F. et al. Experimental study of chemical durability of fluorozirconate and fluoroindate glasses in deionized water. Optical Mater. Express 4 , 1213–1226 (2014)..

Wu, T. Y. et al. Ultra-efficient, 10-watt-level mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in fluoroindate fiber. Opt. Lett. 44 , 2378–2381 (2019)..

Boyer, L. L. et al. Multiphonon absorption in ionic crystals. Phys. Rev. B 11 , 1665–1680 (1975)..

Hollenbeck, D. & Cantrell, C. D. Multiple-vibrational-mode model for fiber-optic Raman gain spectrum and response function. J. Optical Soc. Am. B 19 , 2886–2892 (2002)..

Henderson-Sapir, O., Beniwal, D. & Ottaway, D. Numerical optimization of high power 3.5 μm erbium-doped mid-infrared fiber laser and amplifiers. In Proceedings of SPIE 11981, Fiber Lasers XIX: Technology and Systems , 1198116 (SPIE, 2022)

Xiao, X. et al. Theoretical modeling of 4.3 μm mid-infrared lasing in Dy 3+ -doped chalcogenide fiber lasers. IEEE Photonics J. 10 , 1–11 (2018)..

Chen, H. et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of mid-infrared laser in Pr 3+ -doped chalcogenide fiber. Chin. Phys. B 28 , 024209 (2019)..

Boutarfaia, A. & Poulain, M. New stable fluoroindate glasses. Solid State Ion. 144 , 117–121 (2001)..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰