Highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid antimony halide scintillators for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging

Haixia Cui; Wanjiao Li; Qianxi Li; Shaolong Wang; Mingye Zhu; Yongjing Deng; Shujuan Liu; Qiang Zhao

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-02152-x

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Highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid antimony halide scintillators for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging

Original Articles

- Highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid antimony halide scintillators for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 950-958(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
  2.School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 Jiangsu, China
- Author bio：
  
  Shujuan Liu (iamsjliu@njupt.edu.cn)
  Qiang Zhao (iamqzhao@njupt.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-02152-x
  CLC：
- Received：26 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-11-05，
  
  Accepted：30 November 2025，
  
  Online First：26 January 2026，
  
  Published：31 March 2026
- Accepted：
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Cui, H. X. et al. Highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid antimony halide scintillators for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 950-958 (2026).
DOI：

Cui, H. X. et al. Highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid antimony halide scintillators for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 950-958 (2026). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-02152-x.

摘要

Abstract

Real-time dynamic and three-dimensional (3D) X-ray imaging are the most challenging types of X-ray imaging technology

placing more rigorous standards on scintillators. Lead-based (Pb

) organic-inorganic hybrid halide (OIHH) scintillators with high X-ray absorption coefficients have been demonstrated to exhibit excellent scintillation perfo

rmance. However

their toxicity and instability hindered further development

and it is necessary to explore novel low-toxic metal-based OIHHs possessing excellent scintillation performance. Antimony-based (Sb

) OIHHs are not only environmentally friendly

but also show good stability compared to Pb

-based OIHHs

which make them promising candidates as excellent scintillators. Currently

the understanding of Sb

-based OIHH scintillators for X-ray detection and imaging is still in infancy and requires further exploration. Herein

we designed two Sb

-based OIHH crystals of (BPP)

SbCl

(CP1) and (BPP)

SbCl

0.5 H

O (CP2)

which have very similar crystal structures except the introduction of water molecules in CP2. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that CP2 has larger lattice distortion and smaller freedom of motion

which can promote the self-trapped excitons emissions. A flexible scintillator screen based on CP2 crystals was prepared and applied for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging

which is the first time for Sb

-based OIHH scintillators and significantly broadens the potential of Sb

-based OIHH scintillators.

关键词

Keywords

references

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