Deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication over 20 km fiber channel

Siyu Ren; Yanru Yan; Yalin Li; Chao Li; Dongmei Han; Xuezhi Zhu; Meihong Wang; Xiaolong Su

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-02173-6

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Deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication over 20 km fiber channel

Original Articles

- Deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication over 20 km fiber channel
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 15, Issue 3, Pages: 926-935(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
  2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Author bio：
  
  Xiaolong Su (suxl@sxu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-02173-6
  CLC：
- Received：16 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-01，
  
  Accepted：16 December 2025，
  
  Online First：23 January 2026，
  
  Published：31 March 2026
- Accepted：
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Ren, S. Y. et al. Deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication over 20 km fiber channel. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 926-935 (2026).
DOI：

Ren, S. Y. et al. Deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication over 20 km fiber channel. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 926-935 (2026). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-02173-6.

摘要

Abstract

Entanglement-assisted quantum communication has substantial advantages in surpassing the power of classical communication by utilizing the entangled state. Up to now

most of entanglement-assisted quantum communications with dense coding are limited to the proof-of-principle experiments. Here

we experimentally demonstrate the deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication based on the continuous-variable (CV) entangled state over 20 km commercial fiber channels. We propose a new CV dense coding scheme with improved classical signals and show that the transmission distance of CV entanglement-assisted quantum communication can be extended compared with that using fixed classical signals. By applying the frequency division multiplexing technique

we simultaneously decode 10 classical signals submerged in the shot noise of coherent state with the help of CV entangled state after the transmission through a 20.121 km fiber channel. The results show that around 3 times of channel capacity in classical communication with coherent state are achieved in the CV entanglement-assisted communication with the frequency division multiplexing technique. Our result takes a crucial step towards realizing the deterministic metropolitan entanglement-assisted quantum communication in practical quantum channels.

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references

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