
无数据
1.Physics department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
2.Solid state institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
3.Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Mordechai Segev (msegev@technion.ac.il)
Received:13 July 2025,
Revised:2025-12-21,
Accepted:23 December 2025,
Online First:29 January 2026,
Published:31 March 2026
Scan QR Code
Nemirovsky-Levy, L. et al. Nonlinear nanophotonics for high-dimensional quantum states. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 1029-1036 (2026).
Nemirovsky-Levy, L. et al. Nonlinear nanophotonics for high-dimensional quantum states. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 1029-1036 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02179-0.
Quantum nanophotonics merges the precision of nanoscale light manipulation with the capabilities of quantum technologies
offering a pathway for enhanced light-matter interaction and compact realization of quantum devices. Here
we show how a recently-demonstrated nonlinear nanophotonic process can be employed to selectively create photonic high-dimensional quantum states (qudits). We utilize the nonlinearity on the surface of the nanophotonic device to dress
through the polarization of the pump field
the near-field modes carrying angular momentum and their superpositions. This idea is an important step towards experimental realizations of quantum state generation and manipulation through nonlinearity within nanophotonic platforms
and enables new capabilities for on-chip quantum devices.
Vladimirova, Y. V. & Zadkov, V. N. Quantum optics in nanostructures. Nanomaterials 11 , 1919 (2021)..
Altewischer, E., van Exter, M. P. & Woerdman, J. P. Plasmon-assisted transmission of entangled photons. Nature 418 , 304–306 (2002)..
Tame, M. S. et al. Quantum plasmonics. Nat. Phys. 9 , 329–340 (2013)..
Xavier, J. et al. Quantum nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic sensing: towards quantum optical bioscience laboratories on chip. Nanophotonics 10 , 1387–1435 (2021)..
Stav, T. et al. Quantum entanglement of the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons using metamaterials. Science 361 , 1101–1104 (2018)..
Harris, N. C. et al. Quantum transport simulations in a programmable nanophotonic processor. Nat. Photonics 11 , 447–452 (2017)..
Van Meter, R. et al. Distributed quantum computation architecture using semiconductor nanophotonics. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 8 , 271–294 (2010)..
Photonic Inc. Distributed quantum computing in silicon. Print at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.01704 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.01704 (2024).
Arrazola, J. M. et al. Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip. Nature 591 , 54–60 (2021)..
Alonso, I. et al. Quantum computing with graphene plasmons. npj Quantum Inf. 5 , 37 (2019)..
O'Brien, J. et al. Focus on integrated quantum optics. N. J. Phys. 15 , 035016 (2013)..
Thomas-Peter, N. et al. Integrated photonic sensing. N. J. Phys. 13 , 055024 (2011)..
Pan, J. W. et al. Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 , 777–838 (2012)..
Javid, U. A. et al. Ultrabroadband entangled photons on a nanophotonic chip. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 , 183601 (2021)..
Maeder, A. et al. On-chip tunable quantum interference in a lithium niobate-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit. Quantum Sci. Technol. 9 , 035040 (2024)..
Alonso, I. et al. Giant enhancement of third-harmonic generation in graphene-metal heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16 , 318–324 (2021)..
Caspani, L. et al. Integrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics. Light Sci. Appl. 6 , e17100 (2017)..
Duan, L. M. & Kimble, H. J. Scalable photonic quantum computation through cavity-assisted interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 , 127902 (2004)..
Chen, J. Y. et al. Ultra-efficient frequency conversion in quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate microrings. Optica 6 , 1244–1245 (2019)..
Zheng, M. Y. et al. Integrated multichannel lithium niobate waveguides for quantum frequency conversion. Phys. Rev. Appl. 14 , 034035 (2020)..
Bräuer, Š. & Marek, P. Generation of quantum states with nonlinear squeezing by Kerr nonlinearity. Opt. Express 29 , 22648–22658 (2021)..
Nadgaran, H., Izadi, M. A. & Nouroozi, R. Squeezed states generation by nonlinear plasmonic waveguides: a novel analysis including loss, phase mismatch and source depletion. Sci. Rep. 13 , 1075 (2023)..
Geng, W. P. et al. Nonlinear photonics on integrated platforms. Nanophotonics 13 , 3253–3278 (2024)..
Frischwasser, K. et al. Real-time sub-wavelength imaging of surface waves with nonlinear near-field optical microscopy. Nat. Photonics 15 , 442–448 (2021)..
Nikolaeva, A. S., Kiktenko, E. O. & Fedorov, A. K. Efficient realization of quantum algorithms with qudits. EPJ Quantum Technol. 11 , 43 (2024)..
Erhard, M., Krenn, M. & Zeilinger, A. Advances in high-dimensional quantum entanglement. Nat. Rev. Phys. 2 , 365–381 (2020)..
Hu, X. M. et al. Beating the channel capacity limit for superdense coding with entangled ququarts. Sci. Adv. 4 , eaat9304 (2018)..
Nemirovsky-Levy, L., Pereg, U. & Segev, M. Increasing quantum communication rates using hyperentangled photonic states. Opt. Quantum 2 , 165–172 (2024)..
Gao, X. Q. et al. On the role of entanglement in qudit-based circuit compression. Quantum 7 , 1141 (2023)..
Janković, D. et al. Noisy qudit vs multiple qubits: conditions on gate efficiency for enhancing fidelity. npj Quantum Inf. 10 , 59 (2024)..
Luo, Y. H. et al. Quantum teleportation in high dimensions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 , 070505 (2019)..
Sephton, B. et al. Quantum transport of high-dimensional spatial information with a nonlinear detector. Nat. Commun. 14 , 8243 (2023)..
Wang, X. L. et al. Quantum teleportation of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon. Nature 518 , 516–519 (2015)..
Mazurek, P. et al. Quantum error-correction codes and absolutely maximally entangled states. Phys. Rev. A 101 , 042305 (2020)..
Schmidt, F. & van Loock, P. Quantum error correction with higher Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes: minimal measurements and linear optics. Phys. Rev. A 105 , 042427 (2022)..
Brandt, F. et al. High-dimensional quantum gates using full-field spatial modes of photons. Optica 7 , 98–107 (2020)..
Agasthilingam, G., Natarajan, H.&Raghunathan, V. Fiber-based higher dimensional quantum key distribution implementation using time-bin qudits. Proceedings of SPIE 12911, Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation Ⅳ. San Francisco: SPIE, 2024, 28.
Yu, H. et al. Time-encoded photonic quantum states: generation, processing, and applications. Appl. Phys. Rev. 11 , 041318 (2024)..
Reimer, C. et al. High-dimensional one-way quantum processing implemented on d -level cluster states. Nat. Phys. 15 , 148–153 (2019)..
Monika, M. et al. Quantum state processing through c ontrollable synthetic temporal photonic lattices. Nat. Photonics 19 , 95–100 (2025)..
Kues, M. et al. Quantum optical microcombs. Nat. Photonics 13 , 170–179 (2019)..
Wang, J. W. et al. Multidimensional quantum entanglement with large-scale integrated optics. Science 360 , 285–291 (2018)..
Kaur, T., Peace, D. & Romero, J. On-chip high-dimensional entangled photon sources. J. Opt. J. 27 , 023001 (2025)..
Kam, A. et al. Near-field photon entanglement in total angular momentum. Nature 640 , 634–640 (2025)..
Lustig, E. et al. Quadrature-dependent lattice dynamics of dissipative microcombs. Nat. Photon. 19 , 1247–1254 (2025)..
Van Enk, S. J. & Nienhuis, G. Commutation rules and eigenvalues of spin and orbital angular momentum of radiation fields. J. Mod. Opt. 41 , 963–977 (1994)..
Zhao, Y. Q. et al. Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in a strongly focused optical beam. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 , 073901 (2007)..
Li, C. F. Spin and orbital angular momentum of a class of nonparaxial light beams having a globally defined polarization. Phys. Rev. A 80 , 063814 (2009)..
Soares, W. C., Caetano, D. P. & Hickmann, J. M. Hermite-Bessel beams and the geometrical representation of nondiffracting beams with orbital angular momentum. Opt. Express 14 , 4577–4582 (2006)..
Lopez-Mago, D. & Gutiérrez-Vega, J. C. Shaping Bessel beams with a generalized differential operator approach. J. Opt. 18 , 095603 (2016)..
Kravtsov, V. et al. Plasmonic nanofocused four-wave mixing for femtosecond near-field imaging. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 , 459–464 (2016)..
Jacob, Z. Quantum plasmonics. MRS Bull. 37 , 761–767 (2012)..
David, A. et al. Nanoscale shaping and focusing of visible light in planar metal-oxide-siliconwaveguides. Optica 2 , 1045–1048 (2015)..
Bennett, C. H. & Brassard, G. Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. Theor. Computer Sci. 560 , 7–11 (2014)..
Branciard, C. et al. Security of two quantum cryptography protocols using the same four qubit states. Phys. Rev. A 72 , 032301 (2005)..
Zahidy, M. et al. Practical high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol over deployed multicore fiber. Nat. Commun. 15 , 1651 (2024)..
Yu, H. et al. Quantum key distribution implemented with d -level time-bin entangled photons. Nat. Commun. 16 , 171 (2025)..
0
Views
0
Downloads
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621