Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics

Daniel Rodrigo; Andreas Tittl; Odeta Limaj; F Javier García de Abajo; Valerio Pruneri; Hatice Altug

doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.277

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics

Original Articles

- Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics
- Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics
- LSA 2017年6卷第2期
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
  2.ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
  3.ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Author bio：
  
  H Altug, Email: hatice.altug@epfl.ch
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2016.277
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2017-06，
  
  网络出版日期：2017-01-09，
  
  收稿日期：2016-04-19，
  
  修回日期：2017-01-03，
  
  录用日期：2017-01-05
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics[J]. LSA, 2017,6(2).

Rodrigo, D. et al. Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e16277 (2017).
Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics[J]. LSA, 2017,6(2). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2016.277.

Rodrigo, D. et al. Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e16277 (2017). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2016.277.

摘要

Abstract

Graphene is emerging as a promising material for photonic applications owing to its unique optoelectronic properties. Graphene supports tunable

long-lived and extremely confined plasmons that have great potential for applications such as biosensing and optical communications. However

in order to excite plasmonic resonances in graphene

this material requires a high doping level

which is challenging to achieve without degrading carrier mobility and stability. Here

we demonstrate that the infrared plasmonic response of a graphene multilayer stack is analogous to that of a highly doped single layer of graphene

preserving mobility and supporting plasmonic resonances with higher oscillator strength than previously explored single-layer devices. Particularly

we find that the optically equivalent carrier density in multilayer graphene is larger than the sum of those in the individual layers. Furthermore

electrostatic biasing in multilayer graphene is enhanced with respect to single layer due to the redistribution of carriers over different layers

thus extending the spectral tuning range of the plasmonic structure. The superior effective doping and improved tunability of multilayer graphene stacks should enable a plethora of future infrared plasmonic devices with high optical performance and wide tunability.

关键词

Keywords

grapheneinfrarednanophotonicsoptoelectronicplasmonics

references

Polman A. Plasmonics applied.Science2008;322: 868–869..

Maier SA.Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer: USA, 2007.

Anker JN, Hall WP, Lyandres O, Shah NC, Zhao Jet al. Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors.Nat Mater2008;7: 442–453..

Yanik AA, Huang M, Kamohara O, Artar A, Geisbert TWet al. An optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor for direct detection of live viruses from biological media.Nano Lett2010;10: 4962–4969..

Knight MW, Sobhani H, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Photodetection with active optical antennas.Science2011;332: 702–704..

Atwater HA, Polman A. Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices.Nat Mater2010;9: 205–213..

Hou WB, Cronin SB. A review of surface plasmon resonance-enhanced photocatalysis.Adv Funct Mater2013;23: 1612–1619..

Jablan M, Buljan H, Soljacic M. Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies.Phys Rev B2009;80: 245435..

García de Abajo FJ. Graphene plasmonics: challenges and opportunities.ACS Photonics2014;1: 135–152..

Geim AK, Novoselov KS. The rise of graphene.Nat Mater2007;6: 183–191..

Grigorenko AN, Polini M, Novoselov KS. Graphene plasmonics.Nat Photonics2012;6: 749–758..

Low T, Avouris P. Graphene plasmonics for terahertz to mid-infrared applications.ACS Nano2014;8: 1086–1101..

Fei Z, Andreev GO, Bao WZ, Zhang LM, McLeod ASet al. Infrared nanoscopy of dirac plasmons at the graphene–SiO2interface.Nano Lett2011;11: 4701–4705..

Ju L, Geng BS, Horng J, Girit C, Martin Met al. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials.Nat Nanotechnol2011;6: 630–634..

Yan HG, Li XS, Chandra B, Tulevski G, Wu YQet al. Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks.Nat Nanotechnol2012;7: 330–334..

Brar VW, Jang MS, Sherrott M, Lopez JJ, Atwater HA. Highly confined tunable mid-infrared plasmonics in graphene nanoresonators.Nano Lett2013;13: 2541–2547..

Yan HG, Low T, Zhu WJ, Wu YQ, Freitag Met al. Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures.Nat Photonics2013;7: 394–399..

Hu H, Zhai F, Hu DB, Li ZJ, Bai Bet al. Broadly tunable graphene plasmons using an ion-gel top gate with low control voltage.Nanoscale2015;7: 19493–19500..

Yang XX, Kong XT, Bai B, Li ZJ, Hu Het al. Substrate phonon-mediated plasmon hybridization in coplanar graphene nanostructures for broadband plasmonic circuits.Small2014;11: 591–596..

Nikitin AY, Guinea F, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Martin-Moreno L. Surface plasmon enhanced absorption and suppressed transmission in periodic arrays of graphene ribbons.Phys Rev B2012;85: 081405..

Fang ZY, Thongrattanasiri S, Schlather A, Liu Z, Ma LLet al. Gated tunability and hybridization of localized plasmons in nanostructured graphene.ACS Nano2013;7: 2388–2395..

Fang ZY, Wang YM, Schlather AE, Liu Z, Ajayan PMet al. Active tunable absorption enhancement with graphene nanodisk arrays.Nano Lett2013;14: 299–304..

Zhu XL, Wang WH, Yan W, Larsen MB, Bøggild Pet al. Plasmon-phonon coupling in large-area graphene dot and antidot arrays fabricated by nanosphere lithography.Nano Lett2014;14: 2907–2913..

Chen JN, Badioli M, Alonso-González P, Thongrattanasiri S, Huth Fet al. Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons.Nature2012;487: 77–81..

Fei Z, Rodin AS, Andreev GO, Bao W, McLeod ASet al. Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging.Nature2012;487: 82–85..

Kim J, Son H, Cho DJ, Geng BS, Regan Wet al. Electrical control of optical plasmon resonance with graphene.Nano Lett2012;12: 5598–5602..

Liu PQ, Luxmoore IJ, Mikhailov SA, Savostianova NA, Valmorra Fet al. Highly tunable hybrid metamaterials employing split-ring resonators strongly coupled to graphene surface plasmons.Nat Commun2015;6: 8969..

Mousavi SH, Kholmanov I, Alici KB, Purtseladze D, Arju Net al. Inductive tuning of fano-resonant metasurfaces using plasmonic response of graphene in the mid-infrared.Nano Lett2013;13: 1111–1117..

Yao Y, Kats MA, Genevet P, Yu NF, Song Yet al. Broad electrical tuning of graphene-loaded plasmonic antennas.Nano Lett2013;13: 1257–1264..

Koppens FHL, Chang DE, Garciía de Abajo FJ. Graphene plasmonics: a platform for strong light–matter interactions.Nano Lett2011;11: 3370–3377..

Woessner A, Lundeberg MB, Gao YD, Principi A, Alonso-González Pet al. Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene–boron nitride heterostructures.Nat Mater2015;14: 421–425..

Rodrigo D, Limaj O, Janner D, Etezadi D, García de Abajo FJet al. Mid-infrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene.Science2015;349: 165–168..

Sensale-Rodriguez B, Yan RS, Kelly MM, Fang T, Tahy Ket al. Broadband graphene terahertz modulators enabled by intraband transitions.Nat Commun2012;3: 780..

Emani NK, Chung T-F, Kildishev AV, Shalaev VM, Chen YPet al. Electrical modulation of fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures using graphene.Nano Lett2013;14: 78–82..

Lee SH, Choi M, Kim T-T, Lee S, Liu Met al. Switching terahertz waves with gate-controlled active graphene metamaterials.Nat Mater2012;11: 936–941..

Vakil A, Engheta N. Transformation optics using graphene.Science2011;332: 1291–1294..

Fallahi A, Perruisseau-Carrier J. Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces.Phys Rev B2012;86: 195408..

Ding J, Arigong B, Ren H, Zhou M, Shao Jet al. Tuneable complementary metamaterial structures based on graphene for single and multiple transparency windows.Sci Rep2014;4: 6128..

Thongrattanasiri S, Koppens FHL, García de Abajo FJ. Complete optical absorption in periodically patterned graphene.Phys Rev Lett2012;108: 047401..

Yao Y, Shankar R, Kats MA, Song Y, Kong Jet al. Electrically tunable metasurface perfect absorbers for ultrathin mid-infrared optical modulators.Nano Lett2014;14: 6526–6532..

Yan HG, Low T, Guinea F, Xia FN, Avouris P. Tunable phonon-induced transparency in bilayer graphene nanoribbons.Nano Lett2014;14: 4581–4586..

Fei Z, Iwinski EG, Ni GX, Zhang LM, Bao Wet al. Tunneling plasmonics in bilayer graphene.Nano Lett2015;15: 4973–4978..

Brar VW, Jang MS, Sherrott M, Kim S, Lopez JJet al. Hybrid surface-phonon-plasmon polariton modes in graphene/monolayer h-BN heterostructures.Nano Lett2014;14: 3876–3880..

Emani NK, Wang D, Chung T-F, Prokopeva LJ, Kildishev AVet al. Plasmon resonance in multilayer graphene nanoribbons.Laser Photonics Revs2015;9: 650–655..

Farmer DB, Rodrigo D, Low T, Avouris P. Plasmon–plasmon hybridization and bandwidth enhancement in nanostructured graphene.Nano Lett2015;15: 2582–2587..

Palik ED.Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. Academic Press: Amsterdam, The Netherland, 1998.

Jang MS, Brar VW, Sherrott MC, Lopez JJ, Kim Let al. Tunable large resonant absorption in a midinfrared graphene Salisbury screen.Phys Rev B2014;90: 165409..

Kumar A, Low T, Fung KH, Avouris P, Fang NX. Tunable light–matter interaction and the role of hyperbolicity in graphene–hBN system.Nano Lett2015;15: 3172–3180..

McCann E. Asymmetry gap in the electronic band structure of bilayer graphene.Phys Rev B2006;74: 161403..

Li ZQ, Henriksen EA, Jiang Z, Hao Z, Martin MCet al. Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy.Nat Phys2008;4: 532–535..

Horng J, Chen C-F, Geng BS, Girit C, Zhang YBet al. Drude conductivity of Dirac fermions in graphene.Phys Rev B2011;83: 165113..

Wang B, Zhang X, Yuan XC, Teng JH. Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets.Appl Phys Lett2012;100: 131111..

Prodan E, Radloff C, Halas NJ, Nordlander P. A hybridization model for the plasmon response of complex nanostructures.Science2003;302: 419–422..

Christensen J, Manjavacas A, Thongrattanasiri S, Koppens FHL, García de Abajo FJ. Graphene plasmon waveguiding and hybridization in individual and paired nanoribbons.ACS Nano2012;6: 431–440..

Yu RW, Alaee R, Lederer F, Rockstuhl C. Manipulating the interaction between localized and delocalized surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene.Phys Rev B2014;90: 085409..

Hwang EH, Das Sarma S. Plasmon modes of spatially separated double-layer graphene.Phys Rev B2009;80: 205405..

Rodrigo D, Low T, Farmer DB, Altug H, Avouris P. Plasmon coupling in extended structures: graphene superlattice nanoribbon arrays.Phys Rev B2016;93: 125407..

Van Tuan D, Khanh NQ. Plasmon modes of double-layer graphene at finite temperature.Phys E2013;54: 267–272..

Svintsov D, Vyurkov V, Ryzhii V, Otsuji T. Voltage-controlled surface plasmon-polaritons in double graphene layer structures.J Appl Phys2013;113: 053701..

Das Sarma S, Madhukar A. Collective modes of spatially separated, two-component, two-dimensional plasma in solids.Phys Rev B1981;23: 805–815..

Cheianov VV, Fal'ko V, Altshuler BL. The focusing of electron flow and a veselago lens in graphene p-n junctions.Science2007;315: 1252–1255..

Farmer DB, Lin Y-M, Afzali-Ardakani A, Avouris P. Behavior of a chemically doped graphene junction.Appl Phys Lett2009;94: 213106..

Low T, Hong S, Appenzeller J, Datta S, Lundstrom MS. Conductance asymmetry of graphene p-n junction.IEEE Trans Electron Dev2009;56: 1292–1299..

Xu XD, Gabor NM, Alden JS, van der Zande AM, McEuen PL. Photo-thermoelectric effect at a graphene interface junction.Nano Lett2010;10: 562–566..

Guinea F. Charge distribution and screening in layered graphene systems.Phys Rev B2007;75: 235433..

Kuroda MA, Tersoff J, Martyna GJ. Nonlinear screening in multilayer graphene systems.Phys Rev Lett2011;106: 116804..

Kuroda MA, Tersoff J, Nistor RA, Martyna GJ. Optimal thickness for charge transfer in multilayer graphene electrodes.Phys Rev Appl2014;1: 014005..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Scalable, ultra-resistant structural colors based on network metamaterials

Spiniform phase-encoded metagratings entangling arbitrary rational-order orbital angular momentum

Tailoring of electromagnetic field localizations by two-dimensional graphene nanostructures

Optical manipulation from the microscale to the nanoscale: fundamentals, advances and prospects

Nanoplasmonic mid-infrared biosensor for in vitro protein secondary structure detection