Department of Physical Electronics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
T Manaka, Email: manaka@ome.pe.titech.ac.jp
纸质出版日期:2016-06,
网络出版日期:2015-11-12,
收稿日期:2015-04-17,
修回日期:2015-11-11,
录用日期:2015-11-12
Scan QR Code
Optical second-harmonic generation measurement for probing organic device operation[J]. LSA, 2016,5(2).
Manaka, T. & Iwamoto, M. Optical second-harmonic generation measurement for probing organic device operation. Light: Science & Applications, 5, e16040 (2016).
Optical second-harmonic generation measurement for probing organic device operation[J]. LSA, 2016,5(2). DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.40.
Manaka, T. & Iwamoto, M. Optical second-harmonic generation measurement for probing organic device operation. Light: Science & Applications, 5, e16040 (2016). DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.40.
We give a brief overview of the electric-field induced optical second-harmonic generation (EFISHG) technique that has been used to study the complex behaviors of organic-based devices. By analyzing EFISHG images of organic field-effect transistors
the in-plane two-dimensional distribution of the electric field in the channel can be evaluated. The susceptibility tensor of the organic semiconductor layer and the polarization of the incident light are considered to determine the electric field distribution. EFISHG imaging can effectively evaluate the distribution of the vectorial electric field in organic films by selecting a light polarization. With the time-resolved technique
measurement of the electric field originating from the injected carriers allows direct probing of the carrier motion under device operation
because the transient change of the electric field distribution reflects the carrier motion. Some applications of the EFISHG technique to organic electronic devices are reviewed.
electric fieldoptical second-harmonic generationsemiconductor device
Zhou LS, Wanga A, Wu SC, Sun J, Park Set al. All-organic active matrix flexible display.Appl Phys Lett2006;88: 083502..
Lodha A, Singh R. Prospects of manufacturing organic semiconductor-based integrated circuits.IEEE Trans Semi Manu2001;14: 281–296..
Nonnenmacher M, O'Boyle MP, Wickramasinghe HK. Kelvin probe force microscopy.Appl Phys Lett1991;58: 2921–2923..
Vatel O, Tanimoto M. Kelvin probe force microscopy for potential distribution measurement of semiconductor devices.J Appl Phys1995;77: 2358–2362..
Kikukawa A, Hosaka S, Imura R. Siliconpnjunction imaging and characterizations using sensitivity enhanced Kelvin probe force microscopy.Appl Phys Lett1995;66: 3510–3512..
Mizutani T, Arakawa M, Kishimoto S. Two-dimensional potential profile measurement of GaAs HEMT's by Kelvin probe force microscopy.IEEE Electr Dev Lett1997;18: 423–425..
Bürgi L, Sirringhaus H, Friend RH. Noncontact potentiometry of polymer field-effect transistors.Appl Phys Lett2002;80: 2913–2915..
Ohashi N, Tomii H, Matsubara R, Sakai M, Kudo Ket al. Conductivity fluctuation within a crystalline domain and its origin in pentacene thin-film transistors.Appl Phys Lett2007;91: 162105..
Beljonne D, Cornil J, Sirringhaus H, Brown PJ, Shkunov Met al. Optical signature of delocalized polarons in conjugated polymers.Adv Funct Mater2001;11: 229–234..
Itoh E, Terashima K, Nagai H, Miyairi K. Evaluation of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/polymeric insulator interface by charge modulation spectroscopy technique.Thin Solid Films2009;518: 810–813..
Manaka T, Kawashima S, Iwamoto M. Charge modulated reflectance topography for probing in-plane carrier distribution in pentacene field-effect transistors.Appl Phys Lett2010;97: 113302..
Jailaubekov AE, Willard AP, Tritsch JR, Chan WL, Sai Net al. Hot charge-transfer excitons set the time limit for charge separation at donor/acceptor interfaces in organic photovoltaics.Nat Mater2013;12: 66–73..
Ye HK, Abu-Akeel A, Huang J, Katz HE, Gracias DH. Probing organic field effect transistorsin situduring operation using SFG.J Am Chem Soc2006;128: 6528–6529..
Ye HK, Huang J, Park JR, Katz HE, Gracias DH. Correlations between SFG spectra and electrical properties of organic field effect transistors.J Phys Chem B2007;111: 13250–13255..
Lampert MA, Mark P.Current Injection in Solids. New York: Academic Press; 1970.
Morris JD, Atallah TL, Lombardo CJ, Park H, Dodabalapur Aet al. Mapping electric field distributions in biased organic bulk heterojunctions under illumination by nonlinear optical microscopy.Appl Phys Lett2013;102: 033301..
Sciascia C, Celebrano M, Binda M, Natali D, Lanzani Get al. Electric field and charge distribution imaging with sub-micron resolution in an organic thin-film transistor.Org Electron2012;13: 66–70..
Manaka T, Lim E, Tamura R, Iwamoto M. Direct imaging of carrier motion in organic transistors by optical second-harmonic generation.Nat Photon2007;1: 581–584..
Iwamoto M, Manaka T, Taguchi D. Probing and modeling of carrier motion in organic devices by electric-field-induced optical second-harmonic generation.Jpn J Appl Phys2014;53: 100101..
Manaka T, Lim E, Tamura R, Yamada D, Iwamoto M. Probing of the electric field distribution in organic field effect transistor channel by microscopic second-harmonic generation.Appl Phys Lett2006;89: 072113..
Manaka T, Nakao M, Yamada D, Lim E, Iwamoto M. Optical second harmonic generation imaging for visualizing in-plane electricfield distribution.Opt Express2006;15: 15964–15971..
Yamada D, Manaka T, Lim E, Tamura R, Weis Met al. Injected carrier distribution in a pentacene field effect transistor probed using optical second harmonic generation.J Appl Phys2008;104: 074502..
Levine BF, Bethea CG. Second and third order hyperpolarizabilities of organic molecules.J Chem Phys1975;63: 2666–2682..
Bosshard C, Knöpfle G, Prêtre P, Günter P. Second-order polarizabilities of nitropyridine derivatives determined with electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation and a solvatochromic method: A comparative study.J Appl Phys1992;71: 1594–1605..
Rose ME.Elementary Theory of Angular Momentum. New York: Wiley; 1957.
Popov SV, Svirko YP, Zheludev NI.Susceptibility Tensors for Nonlinear Optics. Bristol:Institute of Physics Publishing; 1995.
Boyd RW.Nonlinear Optics. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2003.
Kitamura M, Arakawa Y. Pentacene-based organic field-effect transistors.J Phys Condens Matter2008;20: 184011..
Cai XY, Yu JS, Zhou JL, Yu XG, Jiang YD. Mobility improvement in C60-based field-effect transistors using LiF/Ag source/drain electrodes.Jpn J Appl Phys2011;50: 124203..
Kobayashi S, Takenobu T, Mori S, Fujiwara A, Iwasa Y. Fabrication and characterization of C60 thin-film transistors with high field-effect mobility.Appl Phys Lett2003;82: 4581–4583..
Ostroverkhova O, Cooke DG, Hegmann FA, Tykwinski RR, Parkin SRet al. Anisotropy of transient photoconductivity in functionalized pentacene single crystals.Appl Phys Lett2006;89: 192113..
Sele CW, Kjellander BKC, Niesen B, Thornton MJ, Putten Jet al. Controlled deposition of highly ordered soluble Acene thin films: effect of morphology and crystal orientation on transistor performance.Adv Mater2006;21: 4926–4931..
Manaka T, Liu F, Weis M, Iwamoto M. Influence of traps on transient electric field and mobility evaluation in organic field-effect transistors.J Appl Phys2010;107: 043712..
Manaka T, Liu F, Weis M, Iwamoto M. Diffusion like electric-field migration in the channel of organic field-effect transistors.Phys Rev B2008;78: 121302..
Manaka T, Liu F, Weis M, Iwamoto M. Studying transient carrier behaviors in pentacene field effect transistors using visualized electric field migration.J Phys Chem C2009;113: 10279–10284..
Devizis A, Serbenta A, Meerholz K, Hertel D, Gulbinas V. Ultrafast dynamics of carrier mobility in a conjugated polymer probed at molecular and microscopic length scales.Phys Rev Lett2009;103: 027404..
Manaka T, Matsubara K, Abe K, Iwamoto M. Direct observation of anisotropic carrier transport in organic semiconductor by time-resolved microscopic optical second-harmonic imaging.Appl Phys Express2013;6: 101601..
Weis M, Manaka T, Iwamoto M. Origin of electric field distribution in organic field-effect transistor: Experiment and analysis.J Appl Phys2009;105: 024505..
Weis M, Lin J, Taguchi D, Manaka T, Iwamoto M. The charge transport in organic field-effect transistor as an interface charge propagation: The maxwell-wagner effect model and transmission line approximation.Jpn J Appl Phys2010;49: 071603..
Taguchi D, Inoue S, Zhang L, Li J, Weis Met al. Analysis of organic light-emitting diode as a maxwell-wagner effect element by time-resolved optical second harmonic generation measurement.J Phys Chem Lett2010;1: 803–807..
Taguchi D, Zhang L, Li J, Weis M, Manaka Tet al. Direct probing of carrier behavior in electroluminescence indium-zinc-oxide/N,N'-Di-[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-(1, 1'-biphenyl)-4, 4'-diamine/Tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum(III)/LiF/Al diode by time-resolved optical second-harmonic generation.Jpn J Appl Phys2011;50: 04DK08..
Sadakata A, Taguchi D, Yamamoto T, Fukuzawa M, Manaka Tet al. Analyzing two electroluminescence modes of indium tin oxide/α-NPD/Alq3/Al diodes by using large alternating current square voltages.J Appl Phys2011;110: 103707..
Sadakata A, Osada K, Taguchi D, Yamamoto T, Fukuzawa Met al. Probinginterfacial charge accumulation in ITO/α-NPD/Alq3/Al diodes under two electroluminescence operational modes by electric-field induced optical second-harmonic generation.J Appl Phys2012;112: 083723..
Sadakata A, Oda Y, Taguchi D, Fukuzawa M, Manaka Tet al. Study of hole-injection assisted layer in double-layer organic light-emitting diodes by electric-field-induced optical second-harmonic generation measurement.Jpn J Appl Phys2013;52: 05DC03..
Taguchi D, Shino T, Chen XY, Zhang L, Li Jet al. Analyzing carrier lifetime of double-layer organic solar cells by using optical electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation measurement.Appl Phys Lett2011;98: 133507..
Taguchi D, Shino T, Chen XY, Zhang L, Li Jet al. Analyzing photovoltaic effect of double-layer organic solar cells as a Maxwell-Wagner effect system by optical electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation measurement.J Appl Phys2011;110: 103717..
Taguchi D, Shino T, Zhang L, Li J, Weis Met al. Direct probing of photovoltaic effect generated in double-layer organic solar cell by electric-field-induced optical second-harmonic generation.Appl Phys Express2011;4: 021602..
Chen XY, Taguchi D, Lee K, Manaka T, Iwamoto M. Analyzing interfacial carrier charging in pentacene/C60 double-layer organic solar cells by optical electric field induced second-harmonic generation measurement.Chem Phys Lett2011;511: 491–495..
Chen XY, Taguchi D, Weis M, Manaka T, Iwamoto M. Analyzing photo induced internal electric field in pentacene/C60 double-layer organic solar cells under various external voltages by electric-field-induced optical second harmonic generation measurement.Jpn J Appl Phys2012;51: 041605..
Chen XY, Taguchi D, Lee K, ManakaT, Iwamoto M. Analysis of interfacial charging process in pentacene/C60/bathocuproine triple-layer organic solar cells using a maxwell-wagner model.Jpn J Appl Phys2013;52: 04CR05..
Tamura R, Lim E, Manaka T, Iwamoto M. Analysis of pentacene field effect transistor as a Maxwell-Wagner effect element.J Appl Phys2006;100: 114515..
Brabec C, Dyakonov V, Scherf U.Organic Photovoltaics. Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. 2008.
Rand BP, Genoe J, Heremans P, Poortmans J. Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors.Prog Photovolt2007;15: 659–676..
Ouyang W, Manaka T, Naitou S, Kunitomo K, Iwamoto M. Optical second-harmonic generation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon single- and double-junction solar cells.Jpn J Appl Phys2012;51: 070209..
Katsuno T, Manaka T, Ishikawa T, Ueda H, Uesugi Tet al. Current collapse imaging of Schottky gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors by electric field-induced optical second-harmonic generation measurement.Appl Phys Lett2014;104: 252112..
0
浏览量
0
Downloads
0
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621