Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes

Pierfrancesco Zilio; Michele Dipalo; Francesco Tantussi; Gabriele C Messina; Francesco de Angelis

doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.2

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Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes

Original Articles

- Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes
- Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes
- LSA 2017年6卷第2期
- Affiliations：
  
  Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Author bio：
  
  F de Angelis, Email: francesco.deangelis@iit.it
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2017.2
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2017-06，
  
  网络出版日期：2017-01-17，
  
  收稿日期：2016-08-10，
  
  修回日期：2017-01-10，
  
  录用日期：2017-01-16
- Accepted：
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Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes[J]. LSA, 2017,6(2).

Zilio, P. et al. Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e17002 (2017).
Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes[J]. LSA, 2017,6(2). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2017.2.

Zilio, P. et al. Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e17002 (2017). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2017.2.

摘要

Abstract

We present a theoretical and experimental study of a plasmonic nanoelectrode architecture that is able to inject bunches of hot electrons into an aqueous environment. In this approach

electrons are accelerated in water by ponderomotive forces up to energies capable of exciting or ionizing water molecules. This ability is enabled by the nanoelectrode structure (extruding out of a metal baseplate)

which allows for the production of an intense plasmonic hot spot at the apex of the structure while maintaining the electrical connection to a virtually unlimited charge reservoir. The electron injection is experimentally monitored by recording the current transmitted through the water medium

whereas the electron acceleration is confirmed by observation of the bubble generation for a laser power exceeding a proper threshold. An understanding of the complex physics involved is obtained via a numerical approach that explicitly models the electromagnetic hot spot generation

electron-by-electron injection via multiphoton absorption

acceleration by ponderomotive forces and electron-water interaction through random elastic and inelastic scattering. The model predicts a critical electron density for bubble nucleation that nicely matches the experimental findings and reveals that the efficiency of energy transfer from the plasmonic hot spot to the free electron cloud is much more efficient (17 times higher) in water than in a vacuum. Because of their high kinetic energy and large reduction potential

these proposed wet hot electrons may provide new opportunities in photocatalysis

electrochemical processes and hot-electron driven chemistry.

关键词

Keywords

hot electronshydrated electronslightwave electronicsplasmonicsponderomotive accelerationstrong-field photoemissionwater breakdown

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