Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling

Sören Kreinberg; Weng W Chow; Janik Wolters; Christian Schneider; Christopher Gies; Frank Jahnke; Sven Höfling; Martin Kamp; Stephan Reitzenstein

doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.30

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling

Original Articles

- Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling
- Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling
- LSA 2017年6卷第3期
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
  2.Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1086, USA
  3.Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
  4.School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
  5.Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen 28334, Germany
- Author bio：
  
  WW Chow, Email: wwchow@sandia.gov
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/lsa.2017.30
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2017-09，
  
  网络出版日期：2017-02-28，
  
  收稿日期：2016-08-08，
  
  修回日期：2017-02-26，
  
  录用日期：2017-02-26
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling[J]. LSA, 2017,6(3).

Kreinberg, S. et al. Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e17030 (2017).
Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling[J]. LSA, 2017,6(3). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2017.30.

Kreinberg, S. et al. Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling. Light: Science & Applications, 6, e17030 (2017). DOI： 10.1038/lsa.2017.30.

摘要

Abstract

Measured and calculated results are presented for the emission properties of a new class of emitters operating in the cavity quantum electrodynamics regime. The structures are based on high-finesse GaAs/AlAs micropillar cavities

each with an active medium consisting of a layer of InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) and the distinguishing feature of having a substantial fraction of spontaneous emission channeled into one cavity mode (high β-factor). This paper demonstrates that the usual criterion for lasing with a conventional (low β-factor) cavity

that is

a sharp non-linearity in the input–output curve accompanied by noticeable linewidth narrowing

has to be reinforced by the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function to confirm lasing. The paper also shows that the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function is useful for recognizing superradiance

a manifestation of the correlations possible in high-β microcavities operating with QDs. In terms of consolidating the collected data and identifying the physics underlying laser action

both theory and experiment suggest a sole dependence on intracavity photon number. Evidence for this assertion comes from all our measured and calculated data on emission coherence and fluctuation

for devices ranging from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and cavity-enhanced LEDs to lasers

lying on the same two curves: one for linewidth narrowing versus intracavity photon number and the other for

(2)

(0) versus intracavity photon number.

关键词

Keywords

coherencelaser physicsmicrolasersnanolasersoptoelectronicsphoton statisticsquantum dotsquantum optics

references

Blood P. The laser diode: 50 years on.IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron2013;19: 1503201..

Vahala KJ. Optical microcavities.Nature2003;424: 839–846..

Lodahl P, van Driel AF, Nikolaev IS, Irman A, Overgaag Ket al. Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals.Nature2004;430: 654–657..

De Giorgio V, Scully MO. Analogy between the laser threshold region and a second-order phase transition.Phys Rev A1970;2: 1170–1177..

Rice PR, Carmichael HJ. Photon statistics of a cavity-QED laser: a comment on the laser–phase transition analogy.Phys Rev A1994;50: 4318–4329..

Gourley PL. Microstructured semiconductor lasers for high-speed information processing.Nature1994;371: 571–577..

Noda S. Seeking the ultimate nanolaser.Science2006;314: 260–261..

Stefan TJ, Noelia VT, Gordon C, Stefan K, Ian MRet al. Thresholdless Lasing of Nitride Nanobeam Cavities 2016; arXiv: 1603.06447.

Salehzadeh O, Djavid M, Tran NH, Shih I, Mi ZT. Optically pumped two-dimensional MoS2lasers operating at room-temperature.Nano Lett2015;15: 5302–5306..

Bergman DJ, Stockman MI. Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation: quantum generation of coherent surface plasmons in nanosystems.Phys Rev Lett2003;90: 027402..

Lu YJ, Wang CY, Kim J, Chen HY, Lu MYet al. All-color plasmonic nanolasers with ultralow thresholds: autotuning mechanism for single-mode lasing.Nano Lett2014;14: 4381–4388..

Purcell EM. Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies.Phys Rev1946;69: 681..

Lodahl P, Mahmoodian S, Stobbe S. Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures.Rev Mod Phys2015;87: 347–400..

Chow WW, Crawford MH. Analysis of lasers as a solution to efficiency droop in solid-state lighting.Appl Phys Lett2015;107: 141107..

Reithmaier JP, Sęk G, Löffler A, Hofmann C, Kuhn Set al. Strong coupling in a single quantum dot-semiconductor microcavity system.Nature2004;432: 197–200..

Manga Rao VSC, Hughes S. Single quantum-dot Purcell factor andβfactor in a photonic crystal waveguide.Phys Rev B2007;75: 205437..

De Martini F, Innocenti G, Jacobovitz GR, Mataloni P. Anomalous spontaneous emission time in a microscopic optical cavity.Phys Rev Lett1987;59: 2955–2958..

Björk G, Yamamoto Y. Analysis of semiconductor microcavity lasers using rate equations.IEEE J Quantum Electron1991;27: 2386–2396..

Jin R, Boggavarapu D, Sargent M, Meystre P, Gibbs HMet al. Photon-number correlations near the threshold of microcavity lasers in the weak-coupling regime.Phys Rev A1994;49: 4038–4042..

Björk G, Karlsson A, Yamamoto Y. Definition of a laser threshold.Phys Rev A1994;50: 1675–1680..

Ning CZ. What is laser threshold?IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron2013;19: 1503604..

Coldren LA. What is a diode laser oscillator?IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron2013;19: 1503503..

Yokoyama H. Physics and device applications of optical microcavities.Science1992;256: 66–70..

DeMartini F, Jacobovitz GR. Anomalous spontaneous-stimulated-decay phase transition and zero-threshold laser action in a microscopic cavity.Phys Rev Lett1988;60: 1711–1714..

Khajavikhan M, Simic A, Katz M, Lee JH, Slutsky Bet al. Thresholdless nanoscale coaxial lasers.Nature2012;482: 204–207..

Takiguchi M, Taniyama H, Sumikura H, Birowosuto MD, Kuramochi Eet al. Systematic study of thresholdless oscillation in high-β buried multiple-quantum-well photonic crystal nanocavity lasers.Opt Express2016;24: 3441–3450..

Ye Y, Wong ZJ, Lu XF, Ni XJ, Zhu HYet al. Monolayer excitonic laser.Nat Photonics2015;9: 733–737..

Jang H, Karnadi I, Pramudita P, Song JH, Kim KSet al. Sub-microWatt threshold nanoisland lasers.Nat Commun2015;6: 8276..

Wu SF, Buckley S, Schaibley JR, Feng LF, Yan JQet al. Monolayer semiconductor nanocavity lasers with ultralow thresholds.Nature2015;520: 69–72..

Prieto I, Llorens JM, Muñoz-Camúñez LE, Taboada AG, Canet-Ferrer Jet al. Near thresholdless laser operation at room temperature.Optica2015;2: 66–69..

Armstrong JA, Smith AW. Intensity fluctuations in a GaAs laser.Phys Rev Lett1965;14: 68–70..

Mohideen U, Slusher RE, Jahnke F, Koch SW. Semiconductor microlaser linewidths.Phys Rev Lett1994;73: 1785–1788..

Schawlow AL, Townes CH. Infrared and optical masers.Phys Rev1958;112: 1940–1949..

Choi YS, Rakher MT, Hennessy K, Strauf S, Badolato Aet al. Evolution of the onset of coherence in a family of photonic crystal nanolasers.Appl Phys Lett2007;91: 031108..

Elvira D, Hachair X, Verma VB, Braive R, Beaudoin Get al. Higher-order photon correlations in pulsed photonic crystal nanolasers.Phys Rev A2011;84: 061802..

Chow WW, Jahnke F, Gies C. Emission properties of nanolasers during the transition to lasing.Light Sci Appl2014;3: e201..

Lermer M, Gregersen N, Dunzer F, Reitzenstein S, Höfling Set al. Bloch-wave engineering of quantum dot micropillars for cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments.Phys Rev Lett2012;108: 057402..

Ulrich SM, Gies C, Ates S, Wiersig J, Reitzenstein Set al. Photon statistics of semiconductor microcavity lasers.Phys Rev Lett2007;98: 043906..

Chow WW, Jahnke F. On the physics of semiconductor quantum dots for applications in lasers and quantum optics.Prog Quantum Electron2013;37: 109–184..

Yokoyama H, Brorson SD. Rate equation analysis of microcavity lasers.J Appl Phys1989;66: 4801–4805..

Dicke RH. Coherence in spontaneous radiation processes.Phys Rev1954;93: 99–110..

Svidzinsky AA, Yuan LQ, Scully MO. Quantum amplification by superradiant emission of radiation.Phys Rev X2013;3: 041001..

Leymann HAM, Foerster A, Jahnke F, Wiersig J, Gies C. Sub- and superradiance in nanolasers.Phys Rev Appl2015;4: 044018..

Temnov VV, Woggon U. Superradiance and subradiance in an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of two-level systems coupled to a low-Qcavity.Phys Rev Lett2005;95: 243602..

Tempel JS, Akimov IA, Aßmann M, Schneider C, Höfling Set al. Extrapolation of the intensity autocorrelation function of a quantum-dot micropillar laser into the thermal emission regime.J Opt Soc Am B2011;28: 1404–1408..

Gomis-Bresco J, Dommers S, Temnov VV, Woggon U, Laemmlin Met al. Impact of Coulomb scattering on the ultrafast gain recovery in InGaAs quantum dots.Phys Rev Lett2008;101: 256803..

Kurtze H, Seebeck J, Gartner P, Yakovlev DR, Reuter Det al. Carrier relaxation dynamics in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots.Phys Rev B2009;80: 235319..

Strauf S, Hennessy K, Rakher MT, Choi YS, Badolato Aet al. Self-tuned quantum dot gain in photonic crystal lasers.Phys Rev Lett2006;96: 127404..

Wiersig J, Gies C, Jahnke F, Aβmann M, Berstermann Tet al. Direct observation of correlations between individual photon emission events of a microcavity laser.Nature2009;460: 245–249..

Lorke M, Chow WW, Nielsen TR, Seebeck J, Gartner Pet al. Anomaly in the excitation dependence of the optical gain of semiconductor quantum dots.Phys Rev B2006;74: 035334..

Laucht A, Hauke N, Villas-Bôas JM, Hofbauer F, Böhm Get al. Dephasing of exciton polaritons in photoexcited InGaAs quantum dots in GaAs nanocavities.Phys Rev Lett2009;103: 087405..

Jahnke F, Gies C, Aβmann M, Bayer M, Leymann HAMet al. Giant photon bunching, superradiant pulse emission and excitation trapping in quantum-dot nanolasers.Nat Commun2016;7: 11540..

ll GTN, Kim JH, Lee J, Wang YR, Wójcik AKet al. Giant superfluorescent bursts from a semiconductor magneto-plasma.Nat Phys2012;8: 219–224..

Scheibner M, Schmidt T, Worschech L, Forchel A, Bacher Get al. Superradiance of quantum dots.Nat Phys2007;3: 106–110..

Mlynek JA, Abdumalikov AA, Eichler C, Wallraff A. Observation of Dicke superradiance for two artificial atoms in a cavity with high decay rate.Nat Commun2014;5: 5186..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Quantum enhancement of accuracy and precision in optical interferometry

Octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum generation in silicon on insulator from 1.06 μm to beyond 2.4 μm

Integrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics