Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators

Sartanee Suebka; Euan McLeod; Judith Su

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01418-0

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Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators

Original Articles

- Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators
- Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators
- LSA 2024年13卷第4期页码：682-695
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
  2.Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Author bio：
  
  Judith Su (judy@optics.arizona.edu)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01418-0
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2023-12-30，
  
  修回日期：2024-02-20，
  
  录用日期：2024-02-28，
  
  网络出版日期：2024-03-15，
  
  纸质出版日期：2024-04-30
- Accepted：
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Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators[J]. LSA, 2024,13(4):682-695.

Suebka, S., McLeod, E. & Su, J. Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 682-695 (2024).
Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators[J]. LSA, 2024,13(4):682-695. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01418-0.

Suebka, S., McLeod, E. & Su, J. Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 682-695 (2024). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01418-0.

摘要

Abstract

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microtoroid resonators are one of the most sensitive biochemical sensors in existence

capable of detecting single molecules. The main barrier for translating these devices out of the laboratory is that light is evanescently coupled into these devices though a tapered optical fiber. This hinders translation of these devices as the taper is fragile

suffers from mechanical vibration

and requires precise positioning. Here

we eliminate the need for an optical fiber by coupling light into and out from a toroid via free-space coupling and monitoring the scattered resonant light. A single long working distance objective lens combined with a digital micromirror device (DMD) was used for light injection

scattered light collection

and imaging. We obtain Q-factors as high as

$$ 1.6\times {10}^{8} $$

with this approach. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like and Fano resonances were observed in a single cavity due to indirect coupling in free space. This enables improved sensing sensitivity. The large effective coupling area (~10 μm in diameter for numerical aperture = 0.14) removes the need for precise positioning. Sensing performance was verified by combining the system with the frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator (FLOWER) approach to perform temperature sensing experiments. A thermal nonlinear optical effect was examined by tracking the resonance through FLOWER while adjusting the input power. We belie

ve that this work will be a foundation for expanding the implementation of WGM microtoroid resonators to real-world applications.

关键词

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references

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