Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators

Hwaseob Lee; Lorry Chang; Ali Kecebas; Dun Mao; Yahui Xiao; Tiantian Li; Andrea Alù; Sahin K. Özdemir; Tingyi Gu

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01686-w

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators

Original Articles

- Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators
- Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators
- LSA 2025年14卷第2期页码：401-410
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
  2.Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
  3.Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
  4.Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
  5.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Author bio：
  
  Andrea Alù (aalu@gc.cuny.edu)
  Sahin K. Özdemir (sahin.ozdemir@slu.edu)
  Tingyi Gu (tingyigu@udel.edu)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01686-w
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2024-05-15，
  
  修回日期：2024-11-05，
  
  录用日期：2024-11-08，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-01-09，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-02-28
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators[J]. LSA, 2025,14(2):401-410.

Lee, H. et al. Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 401-410 (2025).
Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators[J]. LSA, 2025,14(2):401-410. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01686-w.

Lee, H. et al. Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 401-410 (2025). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01686-w.

摘要

Abstract

Exceptional points (EPs) have been extensively explored in mechanical

acoustic

plasmonic

and photonic systems. However

little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices. A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity. A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs

but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections

facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of resonators. Here

we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator

to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP

and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic tuning. Our results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage levels. Such wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing

electromagnetic wave control

and optical interconnects.

关键词

Keywords

references

Li, A. D. et al. Exceptional points and non-Hermitian photonics at the nanoscale. Nat. Nanotechnol. 18 , 706–720 (2023)..

Özdemir, Ş. K. et al. Parity–time symmetry and exceptional points in photonics. Nat. Mater. 18 , 783–798 (2019)..

El-Ganainy, R.et al. Non-Hermitian physics and PT symmetry. Nat. Phys. 14 , 11–19 (2018)..

Peng, B. et al. Chiral modes and directional lasing at exceptional points. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113 , 6845–6850 (2016)..

Chen, W. J. et al. Exceptional points enhance sensing in an optical microcavity. Nature 548 , 192–196 (2017)..

Svela, A. Ø. et al. Coherent suppression of backscattering in optical microresonators. Light Sci. Appl. 9 , 204 (2020)..

Kim, M. et al. Partially directional microdisk laser with two Rayleigh scatterers. Opt. Lett. 39 , 2423–2426 (2014)..

Soleymani, S. et al. Chiral and degenerate perfect absorption on exceptional surfaces. Nat. Commun. 13 , 599 (2022)..

Zhong, Q. et al. Sensing with exceptional surfaces in order to combine sensitivity with robustness. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 , 153902 (2019)..

Bender, C. M. & Boettcher, S. Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 , 5243 (1998)..

Peng, B. et al. Parity–time-symmetric whispering-gallery microcavities. Nat. Phys. 10 , 394–398 (2014)..

Rüter, C. E. et al. Observation of parity–time symmetry in optics. Nat. Phys. 6 , 192–195 (2010)..

Jing, H. et al. PT-symmetric phonon laser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 , 053604 (2014)..

Naghiloo, M. et al. Quantum state tomography across the exceptional point in a single dissipative qubit. Nat. Phys. 15 , 1232–1236 (2019)..

Guo, A. et al. Observation of PT -symmetry breaking in complex optical potentials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 , 093902 (2009)..

Peng, B. et al. Loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing. Science 346 , 328–332 (2014)..

Zhen, B. et al. Spawning rings of exceptional points out of Dirac cones. Nature 525 , 354–358 (2015)..

Zhang, J. et al. A phonon laser operating at an exceptional point. Nat. Photonics 12 , 479–484 (2018)..

Liang, C. et al. Observation of exceptional points in thermal atomic ensembles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 130 , 263601 (2023)..

Wu, Y. et al. Observation of parity-time symmetry breaking in a single-spin system. Science 364 , 878–880 (2019)..

Zhang, J. W. et al. Dynamical control of quantum heat engines using exceptional points. Nat. Commun. 13 , 6225 (2022)..

Ergoktas, M. S. et al. Topological engineering of terahertz light using electrically tunable exceptional point singularities. Science 376 , 184–188 (2022)..

Baek, S. et al. Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces. Light Sci. Appl. 12 , 87 (2023)..

Marpaung, D., Yao, J. P. & Capmany, J. Int egrated microwave photonics. Nat. Photonics 13 , 80–90 (2019)..

Hokmabadi, M. P. et al. Non-Hermitian ring laser gyroscopes with enhanced Sagnac sensitivity. Nature 576 , 70–74 (2019)..

Park, J. H. et al. Symmetry-breaking-induced plasmonic exceptional points and nanoscale sensing. Nat. Phys. 16 , 462–468 (2020)..

Wiersig, J. Review of exceptional point-based sensors. Photonics Res. 8 , 1457–1467 (2020)..

Zhang, Y. et al. High-speed electro-optic modulation in topological interface states of a one-dimensional lattice. Light Sci. Appl. 12 , 206 (2023)..

Yu, M. J. et al. Integrated femtosecond pulse generator on thin-film lithium niobate. Nature 612 , 252–258 (2022)..

Yang, K. Y. et al. Inverse-designed non-reciprocal pulse router for chip-based LiDAR. Nat. Photonics 14 , 369–374 (2020)..

Sounas, D. L. & Alù, A. Fundamental bounds on the operation of Fano nonlinear isolators. Phys. Rev. B 97 , 115431 (2018)..

Atabaki, A. H. et al. Integrating photonics with silicon nanoelectronics for the next generation of systems on a chip. Nature 556 , 349–354 (2018)..

Tang, Y. B., Peters, J. D. & Bowers, J. E. Over 67 GHz bandwidth hybrid silicon electroabsorption modulator with asymmetric segmented electrode for 1.3 μm transmission. Opt. Express 20 , 11529–11535 (2012)..

Dong, P., Chen, L. & Chen, Y. K. High-speed low-voltage single-drive push-pull silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators. Opt. Express 20 , 6163–6169 (2012)..

Reed, G. T. et al. Recent breakthroughs in carrier depletion based silicon optical modulators. Nanophotonics 3 , 229–245 (2014)..

Quélène, J. B. et al. Carrier depletion silicon ring modulator power penalty versus power coupling coefficient. J. Lightwave Technol. 36 , 3023–3029 (2018)..

Lee, H. et al. Chiral exceptional point and coherent suppression of backscattering in silicon microring with low loss Mie scatterer. eLight 3 , 20 (2023)..

Wiersig, J. Sensors operating at exceptional points: general theory. Phys. Rev. A 93 , 033809 (2016)..

Wiersig, J. Structure of whispering-gallery modes in optical microdisks perturbed by nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. A 84 , 063828 (2011)..

Rizzo, A. et al. Massively scalable Kerr comb-driven silicon photonic link. Nat. Photonics 17 , 781–790 (2023)..

Pérez, D. et al. Multipurpose silicon photonics signal processor core. Nat. Commun. 8 , 636 (2017)..

Almeida, V. R. & Lipson, M. Optical bistability on a silicon chip. Opt. Lett. 29 , 2387–2389 (2004)..

Gu, T. et al. Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics. Nat. Photonics 6 , 554–559 (2012)..

Rumley, S. et al. Optical interconnects for extreme scale computing systems. Parallel Comput. 64 , 65–80 (2017)..

Pérez-López, D. et al. Integrated photonic tunable basic units using dual-drive directional couplers. Opt. Express 27 , 38071–38086 (2019)..

Tait, A. N. et al. Silicon photonic modulator neuron. Phys. Rev. Appl. 11 , 064043 (2019)..

Xue, Y. et al. Breaking the bandwidth limit of a high-quality-factor ring modulator based on thin-film lithium niobate. Optica 9 , 1131–1137 (2022)..

Xu, Q. F., Dong, P. & Lipson, M. Breaking the delay-bandwidth limit in a photonic structure. Nat. Phys. 3 , 406–410 (2007)..

Sacher, W. D. et al. Coupling modulation of microrings at rates beyond the linewidth limit. Opt. Express 21 , 9722–9733 (2013)..

Cotrufo, M. et al. Nonlinearity-induced nonreciprocity-part I. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 69 , 3569–3583 (2021)..

Sounas, D. L. & Alù, A. Non-reciprocal photonics based on time modulation. Nat. Photonics 11 , 774–783 (2017)..

Chen, H. Z. et al. Revealing the missing dimension at an exceptional point. Nat. Phys. 16 , 571–578 (2020)..

Mao, D. et al. Space-qualifying silicon photonic modulators and circuits. Sci. Adv. 10 , eadi9171 (2024)..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据