Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder

Rui Ye; Yanyan He; Guangzhen Li; Luojia Wang; Xiaoxiong Wu; Xin Qiao; Yuanlin Zheng; Liang Jin; Da-Wei Wang; Luqi Yuan; Xianfeng Chen

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01700-1

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder

Original Articles

- Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder
- Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder
- LSA 2025年14卷第1期页码：280-290
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
  2.School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
  3.Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
  4.Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, 201315, China
  5.Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
- Author bio：
  
  Yanyan He (yanyhe@sjtu.edu.cn)
  Luqi Yuan (yuanluqi@sjtu.edu.cn)
  Xianfeng Chen (xfchen@sjtu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01700-1
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2025-01-31，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-01-08，
  
  收稿日期：2024-04-17，
  
  修回日期：2024-10-10，
  
  录用日期：2024-11-26
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder[J]. LSA, 2025,14(1):280-290.

Ye, R. et al. Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 280-290 (2025).
Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder[J]. LSA, 2025,14(1):280-290. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01700-1.

Ye, R. et al. Observing non-Hermiticity induced chirality breaking in a synthetic Hall ladder. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 280-290 (2025). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01700-1.

摘要

Abstract

Non-Hermitian topological photonics plays a key role in bridging topological matter with gain and loss engineering in optics. Here we report the experimental observation of the break of chiral currents in a Hall ladder from the non-Hermiticity by constructing synthetic frequency dimension in two rings

where currents on both legs of the ladder co-propagate in the same direction. The origin of such phenomena is resulted from the interplay between the effective magnetic flux and the on-site gain and loss. Such non-Hermitian co-propagating currents exhibit characteristics of unidirectional frequency conversion in both rings

and moreover

different from the counterpart in Hermitian systems

can provide a method to probe the signatures of the non-Hermitian skin effect from steady-state bulk dynamics. Our model is further extended to models including next-nearest-neighbor couplings

pointing to a way for observing the non-Hermitian signature with higher winding number

and provides a new control knob for light manipulation with the topological dissipation engineering.

关键词

Keywords

references

Lu, L., Joannopoulos, J. D. & Soljačić, M. Topological photonics. Nat. Photonics 8 , 821–829 (2014)..

Ozawa, T. et al. Topological photonics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 , 015006 (2019)..

Price, H. et al. Roadmap on topological photonics. J. Phys. : Photonics 4 , 032501 (2022)..

Hafezi, M. et al. Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics. Nat. Photonics 7 , 1001–1005 (2013)..

Atala, M. et al. Observation of chiral currents with ultracold atoms in bosonic ladders. Nat. Phys. 10 , 588–593 (2014)..

Cai, H. et al. Experimental observation of momentum-space chiral edge currents in room-temperature atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 , 023601 (2019)..

Lustig, E. et al. Photonic topological insulator in synthetic dimensions. Nature 567 , 356–360 (2019)..

Colomés, E. & Franz, M. Antichiral edge states in a modified Haldane nanoribbon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 , 086603 (2018)..

Mandal, S., Ge, R. & Liew, T. C. H. Antichiral edge states in an exciton polariton strip. Phys. Rev. B 99 , 115423 (2019)..

Chen, J. F., Liang, W. Y. & Li, Z. Y. Antichiral one-way edge states in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal. Phys. Rev. B 101 , 214102 (2020)..

Bhowmick, D. & Sengupta, P. Antichiral edge states in Heisenberg ferromagnet on a honeycomb lattice. Phys. Rev. B 101 , 195133 (2020)..

Denner, M. M., Lado, J. L. & Zilberberg, O. Antichiral states in twisted graphene multilayers. Phys. Rev. Res. 2 , 043190 (2020)..

Cheng, X. Y. et al. Antichiral edge states and hinge states based on the Haldane model. Phys. Rev. B 104 , L081401 (2021)..

Dueñas, J. M., Calvo, H. L. & Torres, L. E. F. F. Copropagating edge states produced by the interaction between electrons and chiral phonons in two-dimensional materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 , 066801 (2022)..

Xie, L. C., Jin, L. & Song, Z. Antihelical edge states in two-dimensional photonic topological metals. Sci. Bull. 68 , 255–258 (2023)..

Pyrialakos, G. G. et al. Antichiral topological phases and protected bulk transport in dual-helix Floquet lattices. Phys. Rev. B 107 , 174313 (2023)..

Wang, J. Y. et al. Antichiral-like and antichiral edge states based on photonic Floquet lattices. Eur. Phys. J. 138 , 1149 (2023)..

Chen, J. F. & Li, Z. Y. Prediction and observation of robustone-way bulk states in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 , 257401 (2022)..

Zhou, P. H. et al. Observation of photonic antichiral edge states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 , 263603 (2020)..

Yang, Y. T. et al. Observation of antichiral edge states in a circuit lattice. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 64 , 257011 (2021)..

Xi, X. et al. Topological antichiral surfacestates in a magnetic Weyl photonic crystal. Nat. Commun. 14 , 1991 (2023)..

Liu, J. W. et al. Antichiral surface states in time-reversal-invariant photonic semimetals. Nat. Commun. 14 , 2027 (2023)..

Yuan, L. Q., Dutt, A. & Fan, S. H. Synthetic frequency dimensions in dynamically modulated ring resonators. APL Photonics 6 , 071102 (2021)..

Ehrhardt, M. et al. A perspective on synthetic dimensions in photonics. Laser Photonics Rev. 17 , 2200518 (2023)..

Yuan, L. Q. et al. Synthetic space with arbitrary dimensions in a few rings undergoing dynamic modulation. Phys. Rev. B 97 , 104105 (2018)..

Leefmans, C. et al. Topological dissipation in a time-multiplexed photonic resonator network. Nat. Phys. 18 , 442–449 (2022)..

Yang, M. et al. Realization of exceptional points along a synthetic orbital angular momentum dimension. Sci. Adv. 9 , eabp8943 (2023)..

Dutt, A. et al. Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension. Nat. Commun. 10 , 3122 (2019)..

Hu, Y. W. et al. Mirror-induced reflection in the frequency domain. Nat. Commun. 13 , 6293 (2022)..

Dutt, A. et al. Creating boundaries along a synthetic frequency dimension. Nat. Commun. 13 , 3377 (2022)..

Senanian, A. et al. Programmable large-scale simulation of bosonic transport in optical synthetic frequency lattices. Nat. Phys. 19 , 1333–1339 (2023)..

Li, G. Z. et al. Direct extraction of topological Zak phase with the synthetic dimension. Light Sci. Appl. 12 , 81 (2023)..

Englebert, N. et al. Bloch oscillations of coherently driven dissipative solitons in a synthetic dimension. Nat. Phys. 19 , 1014–1021 (2023)..

Javid, U. A. et al. Chip-scale simulations in a quantum-correlated synthetic space. Nat. Photonics 17 , 883–890 (2023)..

Cheng, D. L. et al. Multi-dimensional band structure spectroscopy in the synthetic frequency dimension. Light Sci. Appl. 12 , 158 (2023)..

Dutt, A. et al. A single photonic cavity with two independent physical synthetic dimensions. Science 367 , 59–64 (2020)..

Wang, K. et al. Generating arbitrary topological windings of a non-Hermitian band. Science 371 , 1240–1245 (2021)..

Wu, C. H. et al. Flux-controlled skin effect and topological transition in a dissipative two-leg ladder model. Phys. Rev. A 106 , 062206 (2022)..

Bender, C. M. & Boettcher, S. Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 , 5243–5246 (1998)..

Rüter, C. E. et al. Observation of parity–time symmetry in optics. Nat. Phys. 6 , 192–195 (2010)..

Regensburger, A. et al. Parity–time synthetic photonic lattices. Nature 488 , 167–171 (2012)..

Özdemir, K. et al. Parity–time symmetry and exceptional points in photonics. Nat. Mater. 18 , 783–798 (2019)..

Peng, B. et al. Parity–time-symmetric whispering-gallery microcavities. Nat. Phys. 10 , 394–398 (2014)..

Lin, Z. et al. Unidirectional invisibility induced by PT -symmetric periodic structures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 , 213901 (2011)..

Feng, L. et al. Experimental demonstration of a unidirectional reflectionless parity-time metamaterial at optical frequencies. Nat. Mater. 12 , 108–113 (2013)..

Fleury, R., Sounas, D. & Alù, A. An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6 , 5905 (2015)..

Takata, K. & Notomi, M. Photonic topological insulating phase induced solely by gain and loss. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 , 213902 (2018)..

Zhao, H. et al. Non-Hermitian topological light steering. Science 365 , 1163–1166 (2019)..

Lee, T. E. Anomalous edge state in a non-Hermitian lattice. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 , 133903 (2016)..

Alvarez, V. M. M., Vargas, J. E. B. & Torres, L. E. F. F. Non-Hermitian robust edge states in one dimension: anomalous localization and eigenspace condensation at exceptional points. Phys. Rev. B 97 , 121401 (2018)..

Yao, S. Y. & Wang, Z. Edge states and topological invariants of non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 , 086803 (2018)..

Lee, C. H. & Thomale, R. Anatomy of skin modes and topology in non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. B 99 , 201103 (2019)..

Yokomizo, K. & Murakami, S. Non-Bloch band theory of non-Hermitian syst ems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 , 066404 (2019)..

Kunst, F. K. et al. Biorthogonal bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 , 026808 (2018)..

Brandenbourger, M. et al. Non-reciprocal robotic metamaterials. Nat. Commun. 10 , 4608 (2019)..

Zhang, L. et al. Acoustic non-Hermitian skin effect from twisted winding topology. Nat. Commun. 12 , 6297 (2021)..

Liu, Y. G. N. et al. Complex skin modes in non-Hermitian coupled laser arrays. Light Sci. Appl. 11 , 336 (2022)..

Xiao, L. et al. Non-Hermitian bulk–boundary correspondence in quantum dynamics. Nat. Phys. 16 , 761–766 (2020)..

Weidemann, S. et al. Topological funneling of light. Science 368 , 311–314 (2020)..

Helbig, T. et al. Generalized bulk–boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian topolectrical circuits. Nat. Phys. 16 , 747–750 (2020)..

Ghatak, A. et al. Observation of non-Hermitian topology and its bulk–edge correspondence in an active mechanical metamaterial. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117 , 29561–29568 (2020)..

Wang, W., Wang, X. L. & Ma, G. C. Non-Hermitian morphing of topological modes. Nature 608 , 50–55 (2022)..

Yi, Y. F. & Yang, Z. S. Non-Hermitian skin modes induced by on-site dissipations and chiral tunneling effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 , 186802 (2020)..

Li, L. H., Lee, C. H. & Gong, J. B. Topological switch for non-Hermitian skin effect in cold-atom systems with loss. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 , 250402 (2020)..

Li, Y. H. et al. Gain-loss-induced hybrid skin-topological effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 , 223903 (2022)..

Song, F., Yao, S. Y. & Wang, Z. Non-Hermitian topological invariants in real space. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 , 246801 (2019)..

Longhi, S. Probing non-Hermitian skin effect and non-Blo ch phase transitions. Phys. Rev. Res. 1 , 023013 (2019)..

Liang, Q. et al. Dynamic signatures of non-Hermitian skin effect and topology in ultracold atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 , 070401 (2022)..

Okuma, N. et al. Topological origin of non-Hermitian skin effects. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 , 086801 (2020)..

Zhang, K., Yang, Z. S. & Fang, C. Correspondence between winding numbers and skin modes in non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 , 126402 (2020)..

Gong, Z. P. et al. Topological phases of non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. X 8 , 031079 (2018)..

Bergholtz, E. J., Budich, J. C. & Kunst, F. K. Exceptional topology of non-Hermitian systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93 , 015005 (2021)..

Wang, Q. & Chong, Y. D. Non-Hermitian photonic lattices: tutorial. J. Optical Soc. Am. B 40 , 1443–1466 (2023)..

Hügel, D. & Paredes, B. Chiral ladders and the edges of quantum hall insulators. Phys. Rev. A 89 , 023619 (2014)..

Heuck, M. et al. Unidirectional frequency conversion in microring resonators for on-chip frequency-multiplexed single-photon sources. N. J. Phys. 21 , 033037 (2019)..

Li, Q., Davanço, M. & Srinivasan, K. Efficient and low-noise single-photon-level frequency conversion interfaces using silicon nanophotonics. Nat. Photonics 10 , 406–414 (2016)..

del Pino, J., Slim, J. J. & Verhagen, E. Non-Hermitian chiral phononics through optomechanically induced squeezing. Nature 606 , 82–87 (2022)..

Sun, Y. Y. et al. Photonic floquet skin-topological effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 , 063804 (2024)..

Liu, G. G. et al. Localization of chiral edge states by the non-Hermitian skin effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 , 113802 (2024)..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据