On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile <italic style="font-style: italic">p</italic>–<italic style="font-style: italic">i</italic>–<italic style="font-style: italic">n</italic> homojunction

Ruijuan Tian; Yong Zhang; Yingke Ji; Chen Li; Xianghu Wu; Jianguo Wang; Shuaiwei Jia; Liang Liu; Mingwen Zhang; Yu Zhang; Qiao Zhang; Zhuang Xie; Zhengdong Luo; Duorui Gao; Yan Liu; Jianlin Zhao; Zhipei Sun; Xuetao Gan

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y

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On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction

Original Articles

- On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction
- On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction
- LSA 2025年14卷第8期页码：2360-2368
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
  2.Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
  3.State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xi dian University, Xi'an, China
  4.State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
  5.School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Author bio：
  
  Zhipei Sun (zhipei.sun@aalto.fi)
  Xuetao Gan (xuetaogan@nwpu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2024-07-01，
  
  修回日期：2025-02-21，
  
  录用日期：2025-03-13，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-07-07，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-08-31
- Accepted：
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On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction[J]. LSA, 2025,14(8):2360-2368.

Tian, R. J. et al. On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 2360-2368 (2025).
On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction[J]. LSA, 2025,14(8):2360-2368. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y.

Tian, R. J. et al. On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 2360-2368 (2025). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y.

摘要

Abstract

Graphene's unique photothermoelectric (PTE) effect

combined with its compatibility for on-chip fabrication

promises its development in chip-integrated photodetectors wit

h ultralow dark-current and ultrafast speed. Previous designs of on-chip graphene photodetectors required external electrical biases or gate voltages to separate photocarriers

leading to increased power consumption and complex circuitry. Here

we demonstrate a nonvolatile graphene

–

homojunction constructed on a silicon photonic crystal waveguide

which facilitates PTE-based photodetection without the need for electrical bias or gate voltages. By designing an air-slotted photonic crystal waveguide as two individual silicon back gates and employing ferroelectric dielectrics with remnant polarization fields

the nonvolatile

–

homojunction with a clear gradient of Seebeck coefficient is electrically configured. Hot carriers in the graphene channel generated from the absorption of waveguide evanescent field are separated by the nonvolatile

–

homojunction effectively to yield considerable photocurrents. With zero-bias and zero-gate voltage

the nonvolatile graphene

–

homojunction photodetector integrated on the optical waveguide exhibits high and flat responsivity of 193 mA W

−1

over the broadband wavelength range of 1560–1630 nm and an ultrafast dynamics bandwidth of 17 GHz measured in the limits of our instruments. With the high-performance on-chip photodetection

the nonvolatile graphene homojunction directly constructed on silicon photonic circuits promises the extended on-chip functions of the optoelectronic synapse

in-memory sensing and computing

and neuromorphic computing.

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Keywords

references

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On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction

On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction

DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references