Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics

Shiyun Zhou; Lang Li; Liliang Gao; Zhiyuan Zhou; Jinyu Yang; Shurui Zhang; Tonglu Wang; Chunqing Gao; Shiyao Fu

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-01857-3

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics

Original Articles

- Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics
- Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics
- LSA 2025年14卷第6期页码：1700-1710
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
  2.Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 100081 Beijing, China
  3.Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, 100081 Beijing, China
  4.Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
  5.Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
  6.Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
  7.National Key Laboratory on Near-surface Detection, 100072 Beijing, China
- Author bio：
  
  Shiyao Fu (fushiyao@bit.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-01857-3
  中图分类号：
- 收稿日期：2024-12-10，
  
  修回日期：2025-03-25，
  
  录用日期：2025-04-01，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-04-21，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-06-30
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics[J]. LSA, 2025,14(6):1700-1710.

Zhou, S. Y. et al. Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 1700-1710 (2025).
Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics[J]. LSA, 2025,14(6):1700-1710. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-01857-3.

Zhou, S. Y. et al. Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 1700-1710 (2025). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-01857-3.

摘要

Abstract

Tailoring multiple degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) to achieve high-dimensional laser field is crucial for advancing optical technologies. While recent advancements have demonstrated the ability to manipulate a limited number of DoFs

most existing methods rely on bulky optical components or intricate systems that employ time-consuming iterative methods and

most critically

the on-demand tailoring of multiple DoFs simultaneously through a compact

single element—remains underexplored. In this study

we propose an intelligent hybrid strategy that enables the simultaneous and customizable manipulation of six DoFs: wave vector

initial phase

spatial mode

amplitude

orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM). Our approach advances in phase-only property

which facilitates tailoring strategy experimentally demonstrated on a compact metasurface. A fabricated sample is tailored to realize arbitrary manipulation across six DoFs

constructing a 288-dimensional space. Notably

since the OAM eigenstates constitute an infinite dimensional Hilbert space

this proposal can be further extended to even higher dimensions. Proof-of-principle experiments confirm the effectiveness in manipulation capability and dimensionality. We envision that this powerful tailoring ability offers immense potential for multifunctional photonic devices across both classical and quantum scenarios and such compactness extending the dimensional capabilities for integration on-chip requirements.

关键词

Keywords

references

Chen, S. Q. et al. From single‐dimensional to multidimensional manipulation of optical waves with metasurfaces. Adv. Mater. 31 , 1802458 (2019)..

Zhao, R. Z. et al. Multichannel vectorial holographic display and encryption. Light Sci. Appl. 7 , 95 (2018)..

Liu, M. Z. et al. Multifunctional metasurfaces enabled by simultaneous and independent control of phase and amplitude for orthogonal polarization states. Light Sci. Appl. 10 , 107 (2021)..

Ding, C. X. et al. Spatial full degree‐of‐freedom scattered optical field modulation. Laser Photonics Rev. 17 , 2300104 (2023)..

Yang, J. Y. et al. Transformation of longitudinally customizable curved vector vortex beams using dielectric metasurface. Laser Photonics Rev. 18 , 2400226 (2024)..

Shen, Y. J. Rays, waves, SU(2) symmetry and geometry: toolkits for structured light. J. Opt. 23 , 124004 (2021)..

Shen, Y. J. & Rosales-Guzmán, C. Nonseparable states of light: from quantum to classical. Laser Photonics Rev. 16 , 2100533 (2022)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. Structured ray-wave vector vortex beams in multiple degrees of freedom from a laser. Optica 7 , 820–831 (2020)..

Zhu, L. H. et al. Multidimensional optical tweezers synthetized by rigid-body emulated structured light. Photonics Res. 11 , 1524–1534 (2023)..

Xu, Y. et al. Metasurfaces toward optical manipulation technologies for quantum precision measurement. Laser Photonics Rev. 18 , 2300355 (2024)..

Guo, H. et al. Generation of continuous-variable high-dimensional entanglement with three degrees of freedom and multiplexing quantum dense coding. Photonics Res. 10 , 2828–2835 (2022)..

Hai, L. et al. Intra‐cavity laser manipulation of high‐dimensional non‐separable states. Laser Photonics Rev. 18 , 2300593 (2024)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. Creation and control of high-dimensional multi-partite classically entangled light. Light Sci. Appl. 10 , 50 (2021)..

Li, P. et al. Multidimensional multiplexing liquid crystal holograms. Laser Photonics Rev. 18 , 2400088 (2024)..

Asadulina, S., Bogdanov, A. & Yermakov, O. All‐dielectric meta‐waveguides for flexible polarization control of guided light. Laser Photonics Rev. 18 , 2300544 (2024)..

Ding, F. et al. Versatilepolarization generation and manipulation using dielectric metasurfaces. Laser Photonics Rev. 14 , 2000116 (2020)..

Deng, Z. L. et al. Full‐color complex‐amplitude vectorial holograms based on multi‐freedom metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 , 1910610 (2020)..

Bao, Y. J., Weng, Q. & Li, B. J. Conversion between arbitrary amplitude, phase, and polarization with minimal degrees of freedom of metasurface. Laser Photonics Rev. 16 , 2100280 (2022)..

Allen, L. et al. Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre–Gaussian laser modes. Phys. Rev. A 45 , 8185–8189 (1992)..

Cao, H. et al. Distribution of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum entanglement over a 1 km few-mode fiber. Optica 7 , 232–237 (2020)..

Fang, X. Y. et al. High-dimensional orbital angular momentum multiplexing nonlinear holography. Adv. Photonics 3 , 015001 (2021)..

Wang, J. High-dimensional orbital angular momentum comb. Adv. Photonics 4 , 050501 (2022)..

He, G. L. et al. Multiplexed manipulation of orbital angular momentum and wavelength in metasurfaces based on arbitrary complex-amplitude control. Light Sci. Appl. 13 , 98 (2024)..

Yang, Y. H. et al. Terahertz topological photonics for on-chip communication. Nat. Photonics 14 , 446–451 (2020)..

Tang, H. N. et al. On-chip multi-degree-of-freedom control of two-dimensional materials. Nature 632 , 1038–1044 (2024)..

Chen, Y. et al. Multidimensional nanoscopic chiroptics. Nat. Rev. Phys. 4 , 113–124 (2021)..

He, C., Shen, Y. J. & Forbes, A. Towards higher-dimensional structured light. Light Sci. Appl. 11 , 205 (2022)..

Li, S. H. & Wang, J. Adaptive power-controllable orbital angular momentum (OAM) multicasting. Sci. Rep. 5 , 9677 (2015)..

Zhu, L. & Wang, J. Simultaneous generation of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes using a single phase-only element. Opt. Express 23 , 26221–26233 (2015)..

Zhou, S. Y. et al. Deep-learning assisted fast orbital angular momentum complex spectrum analysis. Opt. Lett. 49 , 173–176 (2024)..

Hou, T. Y. et al. Deep-learning-assisted, two-stage phase control method for high-power mode-programmable orbital angular momentum beam generation. Photonics Res. 8 , 715–722 (2020)..

Wang, J. et al. Adjusted EfficientNet for the diagnostic of orbital angular momentum spectrum. Opt. Lett. 47 , 1419–1422 (2022)..

Anandan, J. The geometric phase. Nature 360 , 307–313 (1992)..

Berry, M. Geometric phase memories. Nat. Phys. 6 , 148–150 (2010)..

Guo, Y, H. et al. Classical and generalized geometric phase in electromagnetic metasurfaces. Photonics Insights 1 , R03 (2022)..

Luo, X. G. et al. Broadband spin Hall effect of light in single nanoapertures. Light Sci. Appl. 6 , e16276 (2017)..

Fu, S. Y. et al. Generating polarization vortices by using helical beams and a Twyman Green interferometer. Opt. Lett. 40 , 1775–1778 (2015)..

Allen, L., Padgett, M. J. & Babiker, M. Ⅳ the orbital angular momentum of light. Prog. Opt. 39 , 291–372 (1999)..

Fu, S. Y. et al. Orbital angular momentum comb generation from azimuthal binary phases. Adv. Photonics Nexus 1 , 016003 (2022)..

Li, L. et al. Photon total angular momentum manipulation. Adv. Photonics 5 , 056002 (2023)..

Fu, S. Y. et al. Universal orbital angular momentum spectrum analyzer for beams. PhotoniX 1 , 19 (2020)..

Li, L. et al. Metasurface-based intelligent identification of total angular momentum spectra for beams. ACS Photonics 12 , 1418–1425 (2025)..

Mirhosseini, M. et al. Efficient separation of the orbital angular momentum eigenstates of light. Nat. Commun. 4 , 2781 (2013)..

Zhou, H. L. et al. Orbital angular momentum complex spectrum analyzer for vortex light based on the rotational Doppler effect. Light Sci. Appl. 6 , e16251 (2017)..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据