1.Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
2.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
3.Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
4.Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
5.SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
6.School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Young Joon Hong (yjhong78@skku.edu)
Dong-Hwan Kim (dhkim1@skku.edu)
Jiho Shin (jihoshin@tamu.edu)
收稿:2025-03-02,
修回:2025-08-14,
录用:2025-08-27,
网络出版:2025-09-22,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
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Tae Soo Kim, Jung-El Ryu, Jinhong Park, 等. Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2025,14(11):3377-3393.
Kim, T.S. et al. Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 3377-3393 (2025).
Tae Soo Kim, Jung-El Ryu, Jinhong Park, 等. Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2025,14(11):3377-3393. DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1.
Kim, T.S. et al. Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays. Light: Science & Applications, 14, 3377-3393 (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1.
Displays are one of the most indispensable electronic devices used in our daily lives. Over the past decades
display technology has evolved relentlessly
driven by innovation in materials
structures
and manufacturing processes that have enabled higher image quality
larger screen size
slimmer form factor
and novel functionalities. The display market is currently dominated by liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays
but significant investment and research efforts are being directed toward emerging self-emissive display technologies
such as micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs)
as well as unconventional applications such as transparent
deformable
and near-eye displays. This review article begins with a historical background of self-emissive display technology and an overview of the recent advances in organic-
quantum dot-
perovskite-
and micro-LED displays. We then critically review the current state of micro-LED technology
including its size-dependent performance issues
different types of mass transfer technologies
backplane interconnection techniques
methods for detection/repair of defective pixels
and emerging display applications
including transparent
deformable
and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) displays.
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