Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer

Paolo Franceschini; Andrea Tognazzi; Evgenii Menshikov; Leonid Y. Beliaev; Radu Malureanu; Osamu Takayama; Ivano Alessandri; Alfonso Carmelo Cino; Domenico de Ceglia; Andrei V. Lavrinenko; Costantino De Angelis

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-02090-8

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Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer

Original Articles

- Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer
- Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer
- Light: Science & Applications 2026年15卷第2期页码：634-646
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
  2.National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Brescia, Italy
  3.Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  4.School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  5.Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  6.DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Author bio：
  
  Costantino De Angelis (costantino.deangelis@unibs.it)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-02090-8
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-03-11，
  
  修回：2025-09-25，
  
  录用：2025-10-11，
  
  网络首发：2026-01-05，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-28
- Accepted：
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Paolo Franceschini, Andrea Tognazzi, Evgenii Menshikov, 等. Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(2):634-646.

Franceschini, P. et al. Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 634-646 (2026).
Paolo Franceschini, Andrea Tognazzi, Evgenii Menshikov, 等. Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(2):634-646. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-02090-8.

Franceschini, P. et al. Intrapulse multimodal four-wave sum mixing in the visible range from high contrast index grating with PMMA layer. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 634-646 (2026). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-02090-8.

摘要

Abstract

Nonlinear metasurfaces have emerged as powerful platforms for enhancing and controlling light-matter interactions at the nanoscale

enabling versatile and compact design of devices for frequency conversion processes. In this work

we report on the experimental observation and theoretical analysis of intrapulse four-wave sum mixing (FWSM) in a high-index contrast grating (HCG) supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BIC). By engineering a one-dimensional silicon-based HCG with an additional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cladding layer

we achieve the simultaneous excitation of a q-BIC and a guided-mode resonance (GMR)

enabling nonlinear coupling between the two modes. Broadband femtosecond excitation reveals multiple distinct spectral peaks in the visible range

attributed to FWSM processes involving different combinations of q-BIC and GMR frequencies. Fourier microscopy measurements further confirm the redistribution of the generated nonlinear signals among diffraction orders. Our results demonstrate a new approach to tailoring nonlinear frequency mixing through metasurfaces

leveraging the interaction of multiple non-local resonances

thus opening new pathways for tunable frequency conversion

all-optical signal processing

and nonlinear photonic devices.

关键词

Keywords

references

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