Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit

Andreas Maeder; Robert J. Chapman; Alessandra Sabatti; Giovanni Finco; Jost Kellner; Rachel Grange

doi:10.1038/s41377-025-02150-z

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Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit

Original Articles

- Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit
- Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit
- Light: Science & Applications 2026年15卷第2期页码：538-546
- Affiliations：
  
  ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Optical Nanomaterial Group, Zurich, Switzerland
- Author bio：
  
  Andreas Maeder (maederan@phys.ethz.ch)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-025-02150-z
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-07-02，
  
  修回：2025-11-17，
  
  录用：2025-11-27，
  
  网络首发：2026-01-03，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-28
- Accepted：
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Andreas Maeder, Robert J. Chapman, Alessandra Sabatti, 等. Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(2):538-546.

Maeder, A. et al. Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 538-546 (2026).
Andreas Maeder, Robert J. Chapman, Alessandra Sabatti, 等. Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(2):538-546. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-02150-z.

Maeder, A. et al. Programmable Bell state generation in an integrated thin film lithium niobate circuit. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 538-546 (2026). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-025-02150-z.

摘要

Abstract

Entanglement is central to quantum technologies such as cryptography

sensing

and computing. Photon pairs generated via nonlinear optical processes are excellent for preparing entangled states due to their long coherence times and compatibility with fiber optic networks. Steady progress in nanofabrication has positioned lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) as a leading platform for monolithic integration of photon pair sources into optical circuits

leveraging its strong second-order nonlinearity. Here

we present a reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit on LNOI

which combines two on-chip photon pair sources with programmable interferometers

enabling the generation of entangled st

ates. The photon pair sources achieve a source brightness of 26 MHz nm

−1

while maintaining a coincidence-to-accidental ratio above 100. We successfully interfere the two sources with 99.0 ± 0.7% visibility

demonstrating the indistinguishability required for producing entanglement on-chip. We show the preparation of any of the maximally entangled Bell states with fidelity above 90% verified by quantum state tomography. These results establish LNOI as a compelling

scalable platform to explore integrated quantum photonic technologies enabled by high-brightness sources of entangled quantum states.

关键词

Keywords

references

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