Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials

Heng Wu; Miao-Ling Lin; Sen Yan; Lin-Shang Chen; Zhong-Jie Wang; Yi-Fei Zhang; Ti-Ying Zhu; Zheng-Yu Su; Jun Wang; Xue-Lu Liu; Zhong-Ming Wei; Yan-Meng Shi; Xiang Wang; Bin Ren; Ping-Heng Tan

doi:10.1038/s41377-026-02203-x

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Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials

Original Articles

- Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials
- Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials
- Light: Science & Applications 2026年15卷第4期页码：1240-1250
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
  2.Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  3.State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Author bio：
  
  Ping-Heng Tan (phtan@semi.ac.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-026-02203-x
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-09-17，
  
  修回：2026-01-10，
  
  录用：2026-01-12，
  
  网络首发：2026-02-06，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04-30
- Accepted：
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Heng Wu, Miao-Ling Lin, Sen Yan, 等. Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(4):1240-1250.

Wu, H. et al. Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 1240-1250 (2026).
Heng Wu, Miao-Ling Lin, Sen Yan, 等. Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(4):1240-1250. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-026-02203-x.

Wu, H. et al. Plasmonic nanocavity-enabled universal detection of layer-breathing vibrations in two-dimensional materials. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 1240-1250 (2026). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-026-02203-x.

摘要

Abstract

Conventional Raman spectroscopy faces inherent limitations in detecting interlayer layer-breathing (LB) vibrations with inherently weak electron-phonon coupling or Raman inactivity in two-dimensional materials

hindering insights into interfacial coupling and stacking dynamics. Here

we demonstrate a universal plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy strategy using gold or silver nanocavities to strongly enhance and detect LB modes in multilayer graphene

hBN

and their van der Waals heterostructures. Plasmonic nanocavities even modify the linear and circular polarization selection rules of the LB vibrations. By developing an electric-field-modulated interlayer bond polarizability model

we quantitatively explain the observed intensity profiles and reveal the synergistic roles of localized plasmonic field enhancement and interfacial polarizability modulation. This model successfully describes the behavior of plasmon-enhanced LB vibrations across different material systems and nanocavity geometries. This work not only overcomes traditional detection barriers but also provides a quantitative framework for probing interlayer interactions

offering a versatile platform for investigating hidden interfacial phonons and advancing the characterization of layered quantum materials.

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references

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