Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array

Joo Hwan Ko; Hyo Eun Jeong; Serim Kim; Doeun Kim; Se Yeon Kim; Young Jin Yoo; Hyeon-Ho Jeong; Young Min Song

doi:10.1038/s41377-026-02228-2

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Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array

Original Articles

- Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array
- Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array
- Light: Science & Applications 2026年15卷第5期页码：1541-1553
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
  2.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
  3.School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  4.GIST InnoCORE AI-Nano Convergence Initiative for Early Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
  5.Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Author bio：
  
  Hyeon-Ho Jeong (jeong323@gist.ac.kr)
  Young Min Song (ymsong@kaist.ac.kr)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-026-02228-2
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-09-09，
  
  修回：2026-01-24，
  
  录用：2026-02-04，
  
  网络首发：2026-02-28，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-31
- Accepted：
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Joo Hwan Ko, Hyo Eun Jeong, Serim Kim, 等. Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(5):1541-1553.

Ko, J. H. et al. Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 1541-1553 (2026).
Joo Hwan Ko, Hyo Eun Jeong, Serim Kim, 等. Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026,15(5):1541-1553. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-026-02228-2.

Ko, J. H. et al. Sub-1-volt, reconfigurable Gires-Tournois resonators for full-coloured monopixel array. Light: Science & Applications, 15, 1541-1553 (2026). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-026-02228-2.

摘要

Abstract

Achieving vibrant

energy-efficient colour modulation across micrometre-scale pixels is a critical challenge in modern display technology. Conventional approaches face limitations in scalability

high operating voltages

and light loss. Emerging monopixel designs with active materials promise a path to dynamic colour modulation without these drawbacks. However

achieving uniform

energy-efficient colour modulation across the full visible spectrum has remained difficult. Here

we introduce a full-colour

electrically reconfigurable Gires-Tournois (

-GT) resonator integrated with the conductive polymer (polyaniline

PANI)

representing a significant advance in monopixel display technology. This system enables modulation of complex refractive indices within a sub-1-volt range

producing vibrant colour shifts that exceed complementary hue ranges. The

-GT resonator operates at CMOS-compatible voltages with ultralow-power consumption (90 μW cm

−2

)

offering scalability from ultrahigh pixel densities (~16

900 PPI) to wafer-scale fabrication. Furthermore

PANI’s metastable states enable memory-in-pixel operation

significantly reducing energy consumption compared to emissive displays. The successful demonstration of a 5 × 5 monopixel array system validates its potential for scal

able

energy-efficient

and high-performance photonic applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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