On-chip excitation of single germanium vacancies in nanodiamonds embedded in plasmonic waveguides

Hamidreza Siampour; Shailesh Kumar; Valery A. Davydov; Liudmila F. Kulikova; Viatcheslav N. Agafonov; Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi

doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0062-5

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

On-chip excitation of single germanium vacancies in nanodiamonds embedded in plasmonic waveguides

Original Articles

- On-chip excitation of single germanium vacancies in nanodiamonds embedded in plasmonic waveguides
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 7, Issue 5, Pages: 587-595(2018)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
  2.L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
  3.GREMAN, Université de Tours, UMR CNRS CEA 6157, 37200, Tours, France
- Author bio：
  
  Hamidreza Siampour (hasa@mci.sdu.dk)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-018-0062-5
  CLC：
Scan for full text
Siampour, H. et al. On-chip excitation of single germanium vacancies in nanodiamonds embedded in plasmonic waveguides. Light: Science & Applications, 5, 587-595 (2018).
DOI：

Siampour, H. et al. On-chip excitation of single germanium vacancies in nanodiamonds embedded in plasmonic waveguides. Light: Science & Applications, 5, 587-595 (2018). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-018-0062-5.

摘要

Abstract

Monolithic integration of quantum emitters in nanoscale plasmonic circuitry requires low-loss plasmonic configurations capable of confining light well below the diffraction limit. We demonstrated on-chip remote excitation of nanodiamond-embedded single quantum emitters by plasmonic modes of dielectric ridges atop colloidal silver crystals. The nanodiamonds were produced to incorporate single germanium-vacancy (GeV) centres, providing bright, spectrally narrow and stable single-photon sources suitable for highly integrated circuits. Using electron-beam lithography with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist, dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) were fabricated on single crystalline silver plates to contain those of deposited nanodiamonds that are found to feature appropriate single GeV centres. The low-loss plasmonic configuration enabled the 532-nm pump laser light to propagate on-chip in the DLSPPW and reach to an embedded nanodiamond where a single GeV centre was incorporated. The remote GeV emitter was thereby excited and coupled to spatially confined DLSPPW modes with an outstanding figure-of-merit of 180 due to a ~six-fold Purcell enhancement, ~56% coupling efficiency and ~33 μm transmission length, thereby opening new avenues for the implementation of nanoscale functional quantum devices.

关键词

Keywords

references

Bozhevolnyi, S. I. & Khurgin, J. B. The case for quantum plasmonics. Nat. Photonics 11, 398–400 (2017).

Bozhevolnyi, S. I. & Khurgin, J. B. Fundamental limitations in spontaneous emission rate of single-photon sources. Optica 3, 1418–1421 (2016).

Ozbay, E. Plasmonics: merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions. Science 311, 189–193 (2006).

Zia, R., Schuller, J. A., Chandran, A. & Brongersma, M. L. Plasmonics: the next chip-scale technology. Mater. Today 9, 20–27 (2006).

Bozhevolnyi, S. I., Volkov, V. S., Devaux, E., Laluet, J. Y. & Ebbesen, T. W. Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators. Nature 440, 508–511 (2006).

Bermúdez-Ureña, E. et al. Plasmonic waveguide-integrated nanowire laser. Nano Lett. 17, 747–754 (2017).

Liu, Y., Zhang, J. S., Liu, H. P., Wang, S. & Peng, L. M. Electrically driven monolithic subwavelength plasmonic interconnect circuits. Sci. Adv. 3, e1701456 (2017).

Bozhevolnyi, S. I. & Mortensen, N. A. Plasmonics for emerging quantum technologies. Nanophotonics 6, 1185–1188 (2017).

Patel, R. N. et al. Efficient photon coupling from a diamond nitrogen vacancy center by integration with silica fiber. Light Sci. Appl. 5, e16032 (2016).

Kewes, G. et al. A realistic fabrication and design concept for quantum gates based on single emitters integrated in plasmonic-dielectric waveguide structures. Sci. Rep. 6, 28877 (2016).

Lombardi, P. et al. Photostable molecules on chip: integrated sources of nonclassical light. ACS Photonics 5, 126–132 (2018).

Türschmann, P. et al. Chip-based all-optical control of single molecules coherently coupled to a nanoguide. Nano Lett. 17, 4941–4945 (2017).

Gramotnev, D. K. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit. Nat. Photonics 4, 83–91 (2010).

Tame, M. S. et al. Quantum plasmonics. Nat. Phys. 9, 329–340 (2013).

Fang, Y. R. & Sun, M. T. Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits. Light Sci. Appl. 4, e294 (2015).

Akimov, A. V. et al. Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots. Nature 450, 402–406 (2007).

Kolesov, R. et al. Wave-particle duality of single surface plasmon polaritons. Nat. Phys. 5, 470–474 (2009).

Kumar, S., Kristiansen, N. I., Huck, A. & Andersen, U. L. Generation and controlled routing of single plasmons on a chip. Nano Lett. 14, 663–669 (2014).

Huck, A., Kumar, S., Shakoor, A. & Andersen, U. L. Controlled coupling of a single nitrogen-vacancy center to a silver nanowire. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 096801 (2011).

Kumar, S., Huck, A. & Andersen, U. L. Efficient coupling of a single diamond color center to propagating plasmonic gap modes. Nano Lett. 13, 1221–1225 (2013).

Bermúdez-Ureña, E. et al. Coupling of individual quantum emitters to channel plasmons. Nat. Commun. 6, 7883 (2015).

Kress, S. J. P. et al. Wedge waveguides and resonators for quantum plasmonics. Nano Lett. 15, 6267–6275 (2015).

Siampour, H., Kumar, S. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Nanofabrication of plasmonic circuits containing single photon sources. ACS Photonics 4, 1879–1884 (2017).

Siampour, H., Kumar, S. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Chip-integrated plasmonic cavity-enhanced single nitrogen-vacancy center emission. Nanoscale 9, 17902–17908 (2017).

Sipahigil, A. et al. An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum-optical networks. Science 354, 847–850 (2016).

Kumar, S., Davydov, V. A., Agafonov, V. N. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Excitation of nanowire surface plasmons by silicon vacancy centers in nanodiamonds. Opt. Mater. Express 7, 2586–2596 (2017).

Riedrich-Möller, J. et al. Deterministic coupling of a single silicon-vacancy color center to a photonic crystal cavity in diamond. Nano Lett. 14, 5281–5287 (2014).

Hepp, C. et al. Electronic structure of the silicon vacancy color center in diamond. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 036405 (2014).

Sipahigil, A. et al. Indistinguishable photons from separated silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 113602 (2014).

Jantzen, U. et al. Nanodiamonds carrying silicon-vacancy quantum emitters with almost lifetime-limited linewidths. New J. Phys. 18, 073036 (2016).

Li, K., Zhou, Y., Rasmita, A., Aharonovich, I. & Gao, W. B. Nonblinking emitters with nearly lifetime-limited linewidths in CVD nanodiamonds. Phys. Rev. Appl. 6, 024010 (2016).

Iwasaki, T. et al. Germanium-vacancy singlecolor centers in diamond. Sci. Rep. 5, 12882 (2015).

Bhaskar, M. K. et al. Quantum nonlinear optics with a germanium-vacancy color center in a nanoscale diamond waveguide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 223603 (2017).

Siyushev, P. et al. Optical and microwave control of germanium-vacancy center spins in diamond. Phys. Rev. B 96, 081201 (2017).

Palyanov, Y. N., Kupriyanov, I. N., Borzdov, Y. M. & Surovtsev, N. V. Germanium: a new catalyst for diamond synthesis and a new optically active impurity in diamond. Sci. Rep. 5, 14789 (2015).

Häußler, S. et al. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of SiV− and GeV− color center in diamond. New J. Phys. 19, 063036 (2017).

Iwasaki, T. et al. Tin-vacancy quantum emitters in diamond. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 253601 (2017).

Tchernij, S. D. et al. Single-Photon-emitting optical centers in diamond fabricated upon sn implantation. ACS Photonics 4, 2580–2586 (2017).

Szenes, A. et al. Improved emission of SiV diamond color centers embedded into concave plasmonic core-shell nanoresonators.Sci. Rep. 7, 13845 (2017).

Neu, E. et al. Low-temperature investigations of single silicon vacancy colour centres in diamond. New J. Phys. 15, 043005 (2013).

Ditlbacher, H. et al. Silver nanowires as surface plasmon resonators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 257403 (2005).

Nagpal, P., Lindquist, N. C., Oh, S. H. & Norris, D. J. Ultrasmooth patterned metals for plasmonics and metamaterials. Science 325, 594–597 (2009).

Park, J. H. et al. Single‐crystalline silver films for plasmonics.Adv. Mater. 24, 3988–3992 (2012).

Lu, Y. J. et al. Plasmonic nanolaser using epitaxially grown silver film. Science 337, 450–453 (2012).

Wu, Y. W. et al. Intrinsic optical properties and enhanced plasmonic response of epitaxial silver. Adv. Mater. 26, 6106–6110 (2014).

Chang, C. W. et al. HNO3-assisted polyol synthesis of ultralarge single-crystalline ag microplates and their far propagation length of surface plasmon polariton. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 11791–11798 (2014).

Wang, C. Y. et al. Giant colloidal silver crystals for low-loss linear and nonlinear plasmonics. Nat. Commun. 6, 7734 (2015).

Rogers, L. J. et al. Multiple intrinsically identical single-photon emitters in the solid state. Nat. Commun. 5, 4739 (2014).

Hoang, T. B., Akselrod, G. M. & Mikkelsen, M. H. Ultrafast room-temperature single photon emission from quantum dots coupled to plasmonic nanocavities. Nano Lett. 16, 270–275 (2016).

Rogers, L. J. et al. Electronic structure of the negatively charged silicon-vacancy center in diamond. Phys. Rev. B 89, 235101 (2014).

Stehlik, S. et al. Size and purity control of HPHT nanodiamonds down to 1 nm.J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 27708–27720 (2015).

Stehlik, S. et al. High-yield fabrication and properties of 1.4 nm nanodiamonds with narrow size distribution. Sci. Rep. 6, 38419 (2016).

Palik, E. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (Academic Press, Orlando, 1985).

Holmgaard, T. et al. Efficient excitation of dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguide modes at telecommunication wavelengths. Phys. Rev. B 78, 165431 (2008).

Holmgaard, T., Bozhevolnyi, S. I., Markey, L. & Dereux, A. Dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides at telecommunication wavelengths: excitation and characterization. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011124 (2008).

Bozhevolnyi, S. I., Martin-Moreno, L., Garcia-Vidal, F. Quantum Plasmonics (Springer, Cham, 2017).

Chen, Y. T., Nielsen, T. R., Gregersen, N., Lodahl, P. & Mørk, J. Finite-element modeling of spontaneous emission of a quantum emitter at nanoscale proximity to plasmonic waveguides.Phys. Rev. B 81, 125431 (2010).

Heeres, R. W., Kouwenhoven, L. P. & Zwiller, V. Quantum interference in plasmonic circuits. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 719–722 (2013).

Fakonas, J. S., Lee, H., Kelaita, Y. A. & Atwater, H. A. Two-plasmon quantum interference. Nat. Photonics 8, 317–320 (2014).

Andersen, S. K. H., Kumar, S. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Ultrabright linearly polarized photon generation from a nitrogen vacancy center in a nanocube dimer antenna. Nano Lett. 17, 3889–3895 (2017).

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰