Inverse photonic design of functional elements that focus Bloch surface waves

Yannick Augenstein; Andreas Vetter; Babak Vosoughi Lahijani; Hans Peter Herzig; Carsten Rockstuhl; Myun-Sik Kim

doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0106-x

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Inverse photonic design of functional elements that focus Bloch surface waves

Original Articles

- Inverse photonic design of functional elements that focus Bloch surface waves
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 7, Issue 6, Pages: 1019-1027(2018)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
  2.Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
  3.SUSS MicroOptics SA, Rogues-Terres 61, Hauterive, 2068, Switzerland
  4.Optics & Photonics Technology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Author bio：
  
  Carsten Rockstuhl (carsten.rockstuhl@kit.edu)
  Myun-Sik Kim (myunsik@hotmail.com)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-018-0106-x
  CLC：
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Augenstein, Y. et al. Inverse photonic design of functional elements that focus Bloch surface waves. Light: Science & Applications, 7, 1019-1027 (2018).
DOI：

Augenstein, Y. et al. Inverse photonic design of functional elements that focus Bloch surface waves. Light: Science & Applications, 7, 1019-1027 (2018). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-018-0106-x.

摘要

Abstract

Bloch surface waves (BSWs) are sustained at the interface of a suitably designed one-dimensional (1D) dielectric photonic crystal and an ambient material. The elements that control the propagation of BSWs are defined by a spatially structured device layer on top of the 1D photonic crystal that locally changes the effective index of the BSW. An example of such an element is a focusing device that squeezes an incident BSW into a tiny space. However, the ability to focus BSWs is limited since the index contrast achievable with the device layer is usually only on the order of Δ,n,≈0.1 for practical reasons. Conventional elements, e.g., discs or triangles, which rely on a photonic nanojet to focus BSWs, operate insufficiently at such a low index contrast. To solve this problem, we utilize an inverse photonic design strategy to attain functional elements that focus BSWs efficiently into spatial domains slightly smaller than half the wavelength. Selected examples of such functional elements are fabricated. Their ability to focus BSWs is experimentally verified by measuring the field distributions with a scanning near-field optical microscope. Our focusing elements are promising ingredients for a future generation of integrated photonic devices that rely on BSWs, e.g., to carry information, or lab-on-chip devices for specific sensing applications.

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