"Plasmonics" in free space: observation of giant wavevectors, vortices, and energy backflow in superoscillatory optical fields

Guanghui Yuan; Edward T. F. Rogers; Nikolay I. Zheludev

doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0112-z

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"Plasmonics" in free space: observation of giant wavevectors, vortices, and energy backflow in superoscillatory optical fields

Articles

- "Plasmonics" in free space: observation of giant wavevectors, vortices, and energy backflow in superoscillatory optical fields
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 8, Issue 1, Pages: 44-52(2019)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
  2.Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
  3.Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Author bio：
  
  Nikolay I. Zheludev (nzheludev@ntu.edu.sg)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-018-0112-z
  CLC：
- Published：2019，
  
  Published Online：03 January 2019，
  
  Received：05 October 2018，
  
  Revised：29 November 2018，
  
  Accepted：03 December 2018
- Accepted：
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Yuan, G. H., Rogers, E. T. F. & Zheludev, N. I. "Plasmonics" in free space: observation of giant wavevectors, vortices, and energy backflow in superoscillatory optical fields. Light: Science & Applications, 8, 44-52 (2019).
DOI：

Yuan, G. H., Rogers, E. T. F. & Zheludev, N. I. "Plasmonics" in free space: observation of giant wavevectors, vortices, and energy backflow in superoscillatory optical fields. Light: Science & Applications, 8, 44-52 (2019). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-018-0112-z.

摘要

Abstract

Evanescent light can be localized at the nanoscale by resonant absorption in a plasmonic nanoparticle or taper or by transmission through a nanohole. However

a conventional lens cannot focus free-space light beyond half of the wavelength

. Nevertheless

precisely tailored interference of multiple waves can form a hotspot in free space of an arbitrarily small size

which is known as superoscillation. Here

we report a new type of integrated metasurface interferometry that allows for the first time mapping of fields with a deep subwavelength resolution ~

/100. The findings reveal that an electromagnetic field near the superoscillatory hotspot has many features similar to those found near resonant plasmonic nanoparticles or nanoholes: the hotspots are surrounded by nanoscale phase singularities and zones where the phase of the superoscillatory field changes more than tenfold faster than a free-propagating plane wave. Areas with high local wavevectors are pinned to phase vortices and zones of energy backflow (~

/20 in size) that contribute to tightening of the main focal spot size beyond the Abbe–Rayleigh limit. Our observations reveal some analogy between plasmonic nanofocusing of evanescent waves and superoscillatory nanofocusing of free-space waves and prove the fundamental link between superoscillations and superfocusing

offering new opportunities for nanoscale metrology and imaging.

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