Diffraction-limited imaging with monolayer 2D material-based ultrathin flat lenses

Han Lin; Zai-Quan Xu; Guiyuan Cao; Yupeng Zhang; Jiadong Zhou; Ziyu Wang; Zhichen Wan; Zheng Liu; Kian Ping Loh; Cheng-Wei Qiu; Qiaoliang Bao; Baohua Jia

doi:10.1038/s41377-020-00374-9

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Diffraction-limited imaging with monolayer 2D material-based ultrathin flat lenses

Original Articles

- Diffraction-limited imaging with monolayer 2D material-based ultrathin flat lenses
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 9, Issue 5, Pages: 1359-1369(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, P. O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
  2.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
  3.School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
  4.Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Lab of Artificial Microstructure for Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518000 Shenzhen, China
  5.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
  6.Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
  7.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
  8.The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, P. O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Author bio：
  
  Cheng-Wei Qiu (chengwei.qiu@nus.edu.sg)
  Qiaoliang Bao (qiaoliang.bao@gmail.com)
  Baohua Jia (bjia@swin.edu.au)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-020-00374-9
  CLC：
- Published：2020，
  
  Published Online：11 August 2020，
  
  Received：24 April 2020，
  
  Revised：02 July 2020，
  
  Accepted：23 July 2020
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Lin, H. et al. Diffraction-limited imaging with monolayer 2D material-based ultrathin flat lenses. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 1359-1369 (2020).
DOI：

Lin, H. et al. Diffraction-limited imaging with monolayer 2D material-based ultrathin flat lenses. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 1359-1369 (2020). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-020-00374-9.

摘要

Abstract

Ultrathin flat optics allow control of light at the subwavelength scale that is unmatched by traditional refractive optics. To approach the atomically thin limit

the use of 2D materials is an attractive possibility due to their high refractive indices. However

achievement of diffraction-limited focusing and imaging is challenged by their thickness-limited spatial resolution and focusing efficiency. Here we report a universal method to transform 2D monolayers into ultrathin flat lenses. Femtosecond laser direct writing was applied to generate local scattering media inside a monolayer

which overcomes the longstanding challenge of obtaining sufficient phase or amplitude modulation in atomically thin 2D materials. We achieved highly efficient 3D focusing with subwavelength resolution and diffraction-limited imaging. The high focusing performance even allows diffraction-limited imaging at different focal positions with varying magnifications. Our work paves the way for downscaling of optical devices using 2D materials and reports an unprecedented approach for fabricating ultrathin imaging devices.

关键词

Keywords

references

Yu, N. F.&Capasso, F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces.Nat. Mater.13, 139–150 (2014)..

Meinzer, N., Barnes, W. L.&Hooper, I. R. Plasmonic meta-atoms and metasurfaces.Nat. Photonics8, 889–898 (2014)..

Lin, D. M. et al. Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements.Science345, 298–302 (2014)..

West, P. R. et al. All-dielectric subwavelength metasurface focusing lens.Opt. Express22, 26212–26221 (2014)..

Khorasaninejad, M. et al. Achromatic metasurface lens at telecommunication wavelengths.Nano Lett.15, 5358–5362 (2015)..

Aieta, F. et al. Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces.Nano Lett.12, 4932–4936 (2012)..

Khorasaninejad, M. et al. Metalenses at visible wavelengths: diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging.Science352, 1190–1194 (2016)..

Aieta, F. et al. Multiwavelength achromatic metasurfaces by dispersive phase compensation.Science347, 1342–1345 (2015)..

Arbabi, A. et al. Subwavelength-thick lenses with high numerical apertures and large efficiency based on high-contrast transmitarrays.Nat. Commun.6, 7069 (2015)..

Lu, D.&Liu, Z. W. Hyperlenses and metalenses for far-field super-resolution imaging.Nat. Commun.3, 1205 (2012)..

Rogers, E. T. F. et al. A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging.Nat. Mater.11, 432–435 (2012)..

Zhou, J. D. etal. A library of atomically thin metal chalcogenides.Nature556, 355–359 (2018)..

Bao, Q. L.&Loh, K. P. Graphene photonics, plasmonics, and broadband optoelectronic devices.ACS Nano6, 3677–3694 (2012)..

Xia, F. N. et al. Two-dimensional material nanophotonics.Nat. Photonics8, 899–907 (2014)..

Wang, Q. H. et al. Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides.Nat. Nanotechnol.7, 699–712 (2012)..

Wu, S. F. et al. Monolayer semiconductor nanocavity lasers with ultralow thresholds.Nature520, 69–72 (2015)..

Yang, Y. Y. et al. Graphene-based multilayered metamaterials with phototunable architecture for on-chip photonic devices.ACS Photonics6, 1033–1040 (2019)..

Lin, H. et al. A 90-nm-thick graphene metamaterial for strong and extremely broadband absorption of unpolarized light.Nat. Photonics13, 270–276 (2019)..

Liu, H. L. et al. Optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides probed by spectroscopic ellipsometry.Appl. Phys. Lett.105, 201905 (2014)..

Zheng, X. R. et al. Highly efficient and ultra-broadband graphene oxide ultrathin lenses with three-dimensional subwavelength focusing.Nat. Commun.6, 8433 (2015)..

Kong, X. T. et al. Graphene-based ultrathin flat lenses.ACS Photonics2, 200–207 (2015)..

Yang, J. et al. Atomically thin optical lenses and gratings.Light Sci. Appl.5, e16046 (2016)..

Xu, Z. Q. et al. Synthesis and transfer of large-area monolayer WS2crystals: moving toward the recyclable use of sapphire substrates.ACS Nano9, 6178–6187 (2015)..

Paradisanos, I. et al. Intense femtosecond photoexcitation of bulk and monolayer MoS2.Appl. Phys. Lett.105, 041108 (2014)..

Sundaram, S. K.&Mazur, E. Inducing and probing non-thermal transitions in semiconductors using femtosecond laser pulses.Nat. Mater.1, 217–224 (2002)..

Sygletou, M. et al. Advanced photonic processes for photovoltaic and energy storage systems.Adv. Mater.29, 1700335 (2017)..

Castellanos-Gomez, A. et al. Laser-thinning of MoS2: on demand generation of a single-layer semiconductor.Nano Lett.12, 3187–3192 (2012)..

Born, M.&Wolf, E.Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light7th edn (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1999).

Cui, G. W. et al. IR-driven photocatalytic water splitting with WO2–NaxWO3hybrid conductor material.Nano Lett.15, 7199–7203 (2015)..

Cao, G. et al. An accurate design of graphene oxide ultrathin flat lens based on Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theory.Optoelectron. Adv.1, 180012 (2018)..

Nie, Z. Q. et al. Three-dimensional super-resolution longitudinal magnetization spot arrays.Light Sci. Appl.6, e17032 (2017)..

Ni, X. J. et al. Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses.Light Sci. Appl.2, e72 (2013)..

Hu, J. T. et al. Plasmonic lattice lenses for multiwavelength achromatic focusing.ACS Nano10, 10275–10282 (2016)..

Chen, W. T. et al. A broadband achromatic metalens for focusing and imaging in the visible.Nat. Nanotechnol.13, 220–226 (2018)..

Peimyoo, N. et al. Nonblinking, intense two-dimensional light emitter: monolayer WS2triangles.ACS Nano7, 10985–10994 (2013)..

Yim, C. et al. High-performance hybrid electronic devices from layered PtSe2films grown at low temperature.ACS Nano10, 9550–9558 (2016)..

Huang, J. K. et al. Large-area synthesis of highly crystalline WSe2monolayers and device applications.ACS Nano8, 923–930 (2014)..

Huang, J. et al. Large-area synthesis of monolayer WSe2on a SiO2/Si substrate and its device applications.Nanoscale7, 4193–4198 (2015)..

Zhou, H. L. et al. Large area growth and electrical properties of p-type WSe2atomic layers.Nano Lett.15, 709–713 (2015)..

Morozov, Y. V.&Kuno, M. Optical constants and dynamic conductivities of single layer MoS2, MoSe2, and WSe2.Appl. Phys. Lett.107, 083103 (2015)..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰