Intelligent control of mode-locked femtosecond pulses by time-stretch-assisted real-time spectral analysis

Guoqing Pu; Lilin Yi; Li Zhang; Chao Luo; Zhaohui Li; Weisheng Hu

doi:10.1038/s41377-020-0251-x

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Intelligent control of mode-locked femtosecond pulses by time-stretch-assisted real-time spectral analysis

Article

- Intelligent control of mode-locked femtosecond pulses by time-stretch-assisted real-time spectral analysis
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 9, Issue 1, Pages: 114-121(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Lab of Advanced Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  2.Sun Yat-sen University/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
- Author bio：
  
  Correspondence: Lilin Yi (lilinyi@sjtu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-020-0251-x
  CLC：
- Published：2020，
  
  Published Online：28 January 2020，
  
  Received：07 November 2019，
  
  Revised：09 January 2020，
  
  Accepted：14 January 2020
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Pu, G. Q. et al. Intelligent control of mode-locked femtosecond pulses by time-stretchassisted real-time spectral analysis. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 114–121 (2020).
DOI：

Pu, G. Q. et al. Intelligent control of mode-locked femtosecond pulses by time-stretchassisted real-time spectral analysis. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 114–121 (2020). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-020-0251-x.

摘要

Abstract

Mode-locked fiber lasers based on nonlinear polarization evolution can generate femtosecond pulses with different pulse widths and rich spectral distributions for versatile applications through polarization tuning. However

a precise and repeatable location of a specific pulsation regime is extremely challenging. Here

by using fast spectral analysis based on a time-stretched dispersion Fourier transform as the spectral discrimination criterion

along with an intelligent polarization search algorithm

for the first time

we achieved real-time control of the spectral width and shape of mode-locked femtosecond pulses; the spectral width can be tuned from 10 to 40 nm with a resolution of ~1.47 nm

and the spectral shape can be programmed to be hyperbolic secant or triangular. Furthermore

we reveal the complex

repeatable transition dynamics of the spectrum broadening of femtosecond pulses

including five middle phases

which provides deep insight into ultrashort pulse formation that cannot be observed with traditional mode-locked lasers.

关键词

Keywords

references

Kim, J.&Song, Y. Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications.Adv. Opt. Photonics8, 465-540 (2016)..

Bloom, B. J. et al. An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10−18level.Nature506, 71-75 (2014)..

Nemitz, N. et al. Frequency ratio of Yb and Sr clocks with 5×10−17uncertainty at 150 seconds averaging time.Nat. Photonics10, 258-261 (2016)..

Udem, T., Holzwarth, R.&Hänsch, T. W. Optical frequency metrology.Nature416, 233-237 (2002)..

Diddams, S. A. et al. Direct link between microwave and optical frequencies with a 300 THz femtosecond laser comb.Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 5102-5105 (2000)..

Khilo, A. et al. Photonic ADC: overcoming the bottleneck of electronic jitter.Opt. Express20, 4454-4469 (2012)..

Ghelfi, P. et al. A fully photonics-based coherent radar system.Nature507, 341-345 (2014)..

Lee, J. et al. Time-of-flight measurement with femtosecond light pulses.Nat. Photonics4, 716-720 (2010)..

Coddington, I., Swann, W. C., Nenadovic, L.&Newbury, N. R. Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range.Nat. Photonics3, 351-356 (2009)..

Li, C. H. et al. A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s−1.Nature452, 610-612 (2008)..

Steinmetz, T. et al. Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations.Science321, 1335-1337 (2008)..

Karlsson, O., Brentel, J.&Andrekson, P. A. Long-term measurement of PMD and polarization drift in installed fibers.J. Lightwave Technol.18, 941-951 (2000)..

Andral, U. et al. Fiber laser mode locked through an evolutionary algorithm.Optica2, 275-278 (2015)..

Woodward, R. I.&Kelleher, E. J. R. Towards 'smart lasers': self-optimisation of an ultrafast pulse source using a genetic algorithm.Sci. Rep.6, 37616 (2016)..

Woodward, R. I.&Kelleher, E. J. R. Genetic algorithm-based control of birefringent filtering for self-tuning, self-pulsing fiber lasers.Opt. Lett.42, 2952-2955 (2017)..

Winters, D. G. et al. Electronic initiation and optimization of nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locking in a fiber laser.Opt. Express25, 33216-33225 (2017)..

Shen, X. L. et al. Electronic control of nonlinear-polarization-rotation mode locking in Yb-doped fiber lasers.Opt. Lett.37, 3426-3428 (2012)..

Pu, G. Q. et al. Intelligent programmable mode-locked fiber laser with a human-like algorithm.Optica6, 362-369 (2019)..

Bhushan, A. S., Coppinger, F.&Jalali, B. Time-stretched analogue-to-digital conversion.Electron. Lett.34, 839-841 (1998)..

Mahjoubfar, A. et al. Time stretch and its applications.Nat. Photonics11, 341-351 (2017)..

Runge, A. F. J., Broderick, N. G. R.&Erkintalo, M. Observation of soliton explosions in a passively mode-locked fiber laser.Optica2, 36-39 (2015)..

Liu, M. et al. Successive soliton explosions in an ultrafast fiber laser.Opt. Lett.41, 1181-1184 (2016)..

Herink, G. et al. Resolving the build-up of femtosecond mode-locking with single-shot spectroscopy at 90 MHz frame rate.Nat. Photonics10, 321-326 (2016)..

Liu, X. M.&Cui, Y. D. Revealing the behavior of soliton buildup in a mode-locked laser.Adv. Photonics1, 016003 (2019)..

Liu, X. M.&Pang, M. Revealing the buildup dynamics of harmonic mode-locking states in ultrafast lasers.Laser Photonics Rev.13, 1800333 (2019)..

Chen, H. J. et al. Buildup dynamics of dissipative soliton in an ultrafast fiber laser with net-normal dispersion.Opt. Express26, 2972-2982 (2018)..

Herink, G. et al. Real-time spectral interferometry probes the internal dynamics of femtosecond soliton molecules.Science356, 50-54 (2017)..

Liu, Xm, Yao, X. K.&Cui, Y. D. Real-time observation of the buildup of soliton molecules.Phys. Rev. Lett.121, 023905 (2018)..

Peng, J. S.&Zeng, H. P. Build‐Up of dissipative optical soliton molecules via diverse soliton interactions.Laser Photonics Rev.12, 1800009 (2018)..

Krupa, K. et al. Real-time observation of internal motion within ultrafast dissipative optical soliton molecules.Phys. Rev. Lett.118, 243901 (2017)..

Ryczkowski, P. et al. Real-time full-field characterization of transient dissipative soliton dynamics in a mode-locked laser.Nat. Photonics12, 221-227 (2018)..

Sun, S. Q. et al. Time-stretch probing of ultra-fast soliton dynamics related to Q-switched instabilities in mode-locked fiber laser.Opt. Express26, 20888-20901 (2018)..

Wei, X. M. et al. Unveiling multi-scale laser dynamics through time-stretch and time-lens spectroscopies.Opt. Express25, 29098-29120 (2017)..

Lapre, C. et al. Real-time characterization of spectral instabilities in a mode-locked fiber laser exhibiting soliton-similariton dynamics.Sci. Rep.9, 13950 (2019)..

Liu, X. M., Popa, D.&Akhmediev, N. Revealing the transition dynamics fromQswitching to mode locking in a soliton laser.Phys. Rev. Lett.123, 093901 (2019)..

Pu, G. Q. et al.Real-time observation of the regime transition dynamics of mode-locked fiber lasers.IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.31, 1545-1548 (2019)..

Woodward, R. I. Dispersion engineering of mode-locked fiber lasers.J. Opt.20, 033002 (2018)..

Holland, J. H. Genetic algorithms.Sci. Am.267, 66-73 (1992)..

Buckley, B. W., Madni, A. M.&Jalali, B. Coherent time-stretch transformation for real-time capture of wideband signals.Opt. Express21, 21618-21627 (2013)..

DeVore, P. T. S. et al. Coherent time-stretch transform for near-field spectroscopy.IEEE Photonics J.6, 3300107 (2014)..

Mahjoubfar, A. et al. Label-free high-throughput cell screening in flow.Biomed. Opt. Express4, 1618-1625 (2013)..

Chen, C. L. et al. Deep learning in label-free cell classification.Sci. Rep.6, 21471 (2016)..

Dudley, J. M. et al. Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography.Nat. Rev. Phys.1, 675-689 (2019)..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰