Thermodynamic limits for simultaneous energy harvesting from the hot sun and cold outer space

Wei Li; Siddharth Buddhiraju; Shanhui Fan

doi:10.1038/s41377-020-0296-x

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Thermodynamic limits for simultaneous energy harvesting from the hot sun and cold outer space

Original Articles

- Thermodynamic limits for simultaneous energy harvesting from the hot sun and cold outer space
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 9, Issue 3, Pages: 686-696(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Author bio：
  
  Shanhui Fan (shanhui@stanford.edu)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-020-0296-x
  CLC：
- Published：2020，
  
  Published Online：24 April 2020，
  
  Received：09 October 2019，
  
  Revised：18 March 2020，
  
  Accepted：19 March 2020
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Li, W., Buddhiraju, S. & Fan, S. H. Thermodynamic limits for simultaneous energy harvesting from the hot sun and cold outer space. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 686-696 (2020).
DOI：

Li, W., Buddhiraju, S. & Fan, S. H. Thermodynamic limits for simultaneous energy harvesting from the hot sun and cold outer space. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 686-696 (2020). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-020-0296-x.

摘要

Abstract

The sun and outer space are two of the most important fundamental thermodynamic resources for renewable energy harvesting. A significant amount of work has focused on understanding the fundamental limit of energy harvesting from the sun. More recently

there have been several theoretical analyses of the fundamental limit of energy harvesting from outer space. However

far less is understood about the fundamental limits of simultaneous energy harvesting from both the sun and outer space. Here

we consider and introduce various schemes that are capable of simultaneous energy harvesting and elucidate the fundamental thermodynamic limits of these schemes. We show that the theoretical limits can far exceed the previously established limit associated with utilizing only one thermodynamic resource. Our results highlight the significant potential of simultaneous energy harvesting and indicate new fundamental opportunities for improving the efficiency of energy harvesting systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

Shockley, W.&Queisser, H. J. Detailed balance limit of efficiency ofp-njunction solar cells.J. Appl. Phys.32, 510–519 (1961)..

Henry, C. H. Limiting efficiencies of ideal single and multiple energy gap terrestrial solar cells.J. Appl. Phys.51, 4494–4500 (1980)..

Yablonovitch, E. Statistical ray optics.J. Optical Soc. Am.72, 899–907 (1982)..

Yablonovitch, E.&Cody, G. D. Intensity enhancement in textured optical sheets for solar cells.IEEE Trans. Electron Devices29, 300–305 (1982)..

Tiedje, T. et al. limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells.IEEE Trans. Electron Devices31, 711–716 (1984)..

Green, M. A. Limits on the open-circuit voltage and efficiency of silicon solar cells imposed by intrinsic auger processes.IEEE Trans. Electron Devices31, 671–678 (1984)..

Campbell, P.&Green, M. A. The limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells under concentrated sunlight.IEEE Trans. Electron Devices33, 234–239 (1986)..

Martí, A.&Araújo, G. L. Limiting efficiencies for photovoltaic energy conversion in multigap systems.Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells43, 203–222 (1996)..

Harder, N. P.&Wurfel, P. Theoretical limits of thermophotovoltaic solar energy conversion.Semiconductor Sci. Technol.18, S151–S157 (2003)..

Green, M. A.Third Generation Photovoltaics: Advanced Solar Energy Conversion(Springer, Berlin, 2006).

Yu, Z. F., Raman, A.&Fan, S. H. Fundamental limit of nanophotonic light trapping in solar cells.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA107, 17491–17496 (2010)..

Yu, Z. F., Raman, A.&Fan, S. H. Thermodynamic upper bound on broadband light coupling with photonic structures.Phys. Rev. Lett.109, 173901 (2012)..

Catalanotti, S. et al. The radiative cooling of selective surfaces.Sol. Energy17, 83–89 (1975)..

Bartoli, B. et al. Nocturnal and diurnal performances of selective radiators.Appl. Energy3, 267–286 (1977)..

Harrison, A. W.&Walton, M. R. Radiative cooling of TiO2white paint.Sol. Energy20, 185–188 (1978)..

Granqvist, C. G.&Hjortsberg, A. Surfaces for radiative cooling: silicon monoxide films on aluminum.Appl. Phys. Lett.36, 139–141 (1980)..

Granqvist, C. G.&Hjortsberg, A. Radiative cooling to low temperatures: general considerations and application to selectively emitting SiO films.J. Appl. Phys.52, 4205–4220 (1981)..

Granqvist, C. G. Radiative heating and cooling with spectrally selective surfaces.Appl. Opt.20, 2606–2615 (1981)..

Berdahl, P. Radiative cooling with MgO and/or LiF layers.Appl. Opt.23, 370–372 (1984)..

Gentle, A. R.&Smith, G. B. Radiative heat pumping from the Earth using surface phonon resonant nanoparticles.Nano Lett.10, 373–379 (2010)..

Rephaeli, E., Raman, A.&Fan, S. H. Ultrabroadband photonic structures to achieve high-performance daytime radiative cooling.Nano Lett.13, 1457–1461 (2013)..

Raman, A. P. et al. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight.Nature515, 540–544 (2014)..

Shi, N. N. et al. Keeping cool: enhanced optical reflection and radiative heat dissipation in Saharan silver ants.Science349, 298–301 (2015)..

Zhu, L. X., Raman, A. P.&Fan, S. H. Radiative cooling of solar absorbers using a visibly transparent photonic crystal thermal blackbody.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA112, 12282–12287 (2015)..

Gentle, A. R.&Smith, G. B. A subambient open roof surface under the mid-summer sun.Adv. Sci.2, 1500119 (2015)..

Chen, Z. et al. Radiative cooling to deep sub-freezing temperatures through a 24-h day–night cycle.Nat. Commun.7, 13729 (2016)..

Li, W. et al. A comprehensive photonic approach for solar cell cooling.ACS Photon.4, 774–782 (2017)..

Zhai, Y. et al. Scalable-manufactured randomized glass-polymer hybrid metamaterial for daytime radiative cooling.Science355, 1062–1066 (2017)..

Mandal, J. et al. Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling.Science362, 315–319 (2018)..

Li, W. et al. Photonic thermalmanagement of coloured objects.Nat. Commun.9, 4240 (2018)..

Li, T. et al. A radiative cooling structural material.Science364, 760–763 (2019)..

Li, W.&Fan, S. H. Radiative cooling: harvesting the coldness of the universe.Opt. Photon. N.30, 32–39 (2019)..

Byrnes, S. J., Blanchard, R.&Capasso, F. Harvesting renewable energy from Earth's mid-infrared emissions.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA111, 3927–3932 (2014)..

Santhanam, P.&Fan, S. H. Thermal-to-electrical energy conversion by diodes under negative illumination.Phys. Rev. B93, 161410 (2016)..

Buddhiraju, S., Santhanam, P.&Fan, S. H. Thermodynamic limits of energy harvesting from outgoing thermal radiation.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA115, E3609–E3615 (2018)..

Raman, A. P., Li, W.&Fan, S. H. Generating light from darkness.Joule3, 2679–2686 (2019)..

Ono, M. et al. Experimental demonstration of energy harvesting from the sky using the negative illumination effect of a semiconductor photodiode.Appl. Phys. Lett.114, 161102 (2019)..

Berdahl, P. Radiant refrigeration by semiconductor diodes.J. Appl. Phys.58, 1369–1374 (1985)..

Strandberg, R. Theoretical efficiency limits for thermoradiative energy conversion.J. Appl. Phys.117, 055105 (2015)..

Strandberg, R. Heat to electricity conversion by cold carrier emissive energy harvesters.J. Appl. Phys.118, 215102 (2015)..

Hsu, W. C. et al. Entropic and near-field improvements of thermoradiative cells.Sci. Rep.6, 34837 (2016)..

Chen, Z. et al. Simultaneously and synergistically harvest energy from the sun and outer space.Joule3, 101–110 (2019)..

Zhu, L. X. et al. Radiative cooling of solar cells.Optica1, 32–38 (2014)..

Safi, T. S.&Munday, J. N. Improving photovoltaic performance through radiative cooling in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments.Opt. Express23, A1120–A1128 (2015)..

Sun, X. S. et al. Optics-based approach to thermal management of photovoltaics: selective-spectral and radiative cooling.IEEE J. Photovolt.7, 566–574 (2017)..

Slauch, I. M. et al. Spectrally selective mirrors with combined optical and thermal benefit for photovoltaic module thermal management.ACS Photon.5, 1528–1538 (2018)..

Long, L. S., Yang, Y.&Wang, L. P. Simultaneously enhanced solar absorption and radiative cooling with thin silica micro-grating coatings for silicon solar cells.Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells197, 19–24 (2019)..

Perrakis, G. et al. Passive radiative cooling and other photonic approaches for thetemperature control of photovoltaics: A comparative study for crystalline silicon-based architectures.Opt. Express(In press).

Landsberg, P. T.&Tonge, G. Thermodynamic energy conversion efficiencies.J. Appl. Phys.51, R1–R20 (1980)..

Araújo, G. L.&Martí, A. Absolute limiting efficiencies for photovoltaic energy conversion.Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells33, 213–240 (1994)..

Kosten, E. D. et al. Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle.Light.: Sci. Appl.2, e45 (2013)..

Dupré, O., Vaillon, R.&Green, M. A.Thermal Behavior of Photovoltaic Devices(Springer, Cham, 2017).

Brown, A. S.&Green, M. A. Limiting efficiency for current-constrained two-terminal tandem cell stacks.Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl.10, 299–307 (2002)..

Swanson, R. M. A proposed thermophotovoltaic solar energy conversion system.Proc. IEEE67, 446–447 (1979)..

Mishchenko, M. I., Travis, L. D.&Lacis, A. A.Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

Jalas, D. et al. What is—and what is not—an optical isolator.Nat. Photon.7, 579–582 (2013)..

Li, W.&Fan, S. H. Nanophotonic control of thermal radiation for energy applications [Invited].Opt. Express26, 15995–16021 (2018)..

Ries, H. Complete and reversible absorption of radiation.Appl. Phys. B32, 153–156 (1983)..

Green, M. A. Time-asymmetric photovoltaics.Nano Lett.12, 5985–5988 (2012)..

Honerkamp, J.Statistical Physics: an Advanced Approach with Applications Web-enhanced with Problems and Solutions. 2nd edn. (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2002).

Green, M. A. et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 55).Prog. Photovolt.28, 3–15 (2020)..

Geisz, J. F. et al. Building a six-junction inverted metamorphic concentrator solar cell.IEEE J. Photovolt.8, 626–632 (2018)..

Bierman, D. M. et al. Enhanced photovoltaic energy conversion using thermally based spectral shaping.Nat. Energy1, 16068 (2016)..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰