Nonlinear increase, invisibility, and sign inversion of a localized fs-laser-induced refractive index change in crystals and glasses

Jerome Lapointe; Jean-Philippe Bérubé; Yannick Ledemi; Albert Dupont; Vincent Fortin; Younes Messaddeq; Réal Vallée

doi:10.1038/s41377-020-0298-8

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Nonlinear increase, invisibility, and sign inversion of a localized fs-laser-induced refractive index change in crystals and glasses

Original Articles

- Nonlinear increase, invisibility, and sign inversion of a localized fs-laser-induced refractive index change in crystals and glasses
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 9, Issue 3, Pages: 665-676(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC, Canada
- Author bio：
  
  Jerome Lapointe (jerome.lapointe@copl.ulaval.ca)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-020-0298-8
  CLC：
- Published：2020，
  
  Published Online：20 April 2020，
  
  Received：07 November 2019，
  
  Revised：20 February 2020，
  
  Accepted：19 March 2020
- Accepted：
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Lapointe, J. et al. Nonlinear increase, invisibility, and sign inversion of a localized fs-laser-induced refractive index change in crystals and glasses. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 665-676 (2020).
DOI：

Lapointe, J. et al. Nonlinear increase, invisibility, and sign inversion of a localized fs-laser-induced refractive index change in crystals and glasses. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 665-676 (2020). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-020-0298-8.

摘要

Abstract

Multiphoton absorption via ultrafast laser focusing is the only technology that allows a three-dimensional structural modification of transparent materials. However

the magnitude of the refractive index change is rather limited

preventing the technology from being a tool of choice for the manufacture of compact photonic integrated circuits. We propose to address this issue by employing a femtosecond-laser-induced electronic band-gap shift (FLIBGS)

which has an exponential impact on the refractive index change for propagating wavelengths approaching the material electronic resonance

as predicted by the Kramers–Kronig relations. Supported by theoretical calculations

based on a modified Sellmeier equation

the Tauc law

and waveguide bend loss calculations

we experimentally show that several applications could take advantage of this phenomenon. First

we demonstrate waveguide bends down to a submillimeter radius

which is of great interest for higher-density integration of fs-laser-written quantum and photonic circuits. We also demonstrate that the refractive index contrast can be switched from negative to positive

allowing direct waveguide inscription in crystals. Finally

the effect of the FLIBGS can compensate for the fs-laser-induced negative refractive index change

resulting in a zero refractive index change at specific wavelengths

paving the way for new invisibility applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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