Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

Shaimaa I. Azzam; Alexander V. Kildishev; Ren-Min Ma; Cun-Zheng Ning; Rupert Oulton; Vladimir M. Shalaev; Mark I. Stockman; Jia-Lu Xu; Xiang Zhang

doi:10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7

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Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

Historical Review

- Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 9, Issue 4, Pages: 882-902(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
  2.Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
  3.State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
  4.Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
  5.Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for NanoOptoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
  6.School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
  7.The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
  8.Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
  9.Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
  10.Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Author bio：
  
  Cun-Zheng Ning (cning@tsinghua.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7
  CLC：
- Published：2020，
  
  Published Online：25 May 2020，
  
  Received：31 March 2020，
  
  Revised：15 April 2020，
  
  Accepted：17 April 2020
- Accepted：
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Azzam, S. I. et al. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 882-902 (2020).
DOI：

Azzam, S. I. et al. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 882-902 (2020). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7.

摘要

Abstract

Ten years ago

three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers

or plasmonic nanolasers

after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here

together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction

we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress

including lasing threshold reduction

dynamic modulation

room-temperature operation

electrical injection

the control and improvement of spasers

the array operation of spasers

and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development

including further miniaturization

the relationship with Bose–Einstein condensation

novel spaser-based interconnects

and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.

关键词

Keywords

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