Broadband vectorial ultrathin optics with experimental efficiency up to 99% in the visible region via universal approximators

F. Getman; M. Makarenko; A. Burguete-Lopez; A. Fratalocchi

doi:10.1038/s41377-021-00489-7

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Broadband vectorial ultrathin optics with experimental efficiency up to 99% in the visible region via universal approximators

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- Broadband vectorial ultrathin optics with experimental efficiency up to 99% in the visible region via universal approximators
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 10, Issue 3, Pages: 420-433(2021)
- Affiliations：
  
  PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering; Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Author bio：
  
  A Fratalocchi (andrea.fratalocchi@kaust.edu.sa)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-021-00489-7
  CLC：
- Published：2021，
  
  Published Online：04 March 2021，
  
  Received：17 September 2020，
  
  Revised：31 January 2021，
  
  Accepted：05 February 2021
- Accepted：
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Getman, F. et al. Broadband vectorial ultrathin optics with experimental efficiency up to 99% in the visible region via universal approximators. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 420-433 (2021).
DOI：

Getman, F. et al. Broadband vectorial ultrathin optics with experimental efficiency up to 99% in the visible region via universal approximators. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 420-433 (2021). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-021-00489-7.

摘要

Abstract

Integrating conventional optics into compact nanostructured surfaces is the goal of flat optics. Despite the enormous progress in this technology

there are still critical challenges for real-world applications due to the limited operational efficiency in the visible region

on average lower than 60%

which originates from absorption losses in wavelength-thick (≈ 500?nm) structures. Another issue is the realization of on-demand optical components for controlling vectorial light at visible frequencies simultaneously in both reflection and transmission and with a predetermined wavefront shape. In this work

we developed an inverse design approach that allows the realization of highly efficient (up to 99%) ultrathin (down to 50?nm thick) optics for vectorial light control with broadband input-output responses in the visible and near-IR regions with a desired wavefront shape. The approach leverages suitably engineered semiconductor nanostructures

which behave as a neural network that can approximate a user-defined input-output function. Near-unity performance results from the ultrathin nature of these surfaces

which reduces absorption losses to near-negligible values. Experimentally

we discuss polarizing beam splitters

comparing their performance with the best results obtained from both direct and inverse design techniques

and new flat-optics components represented by dichroic mirrors and the basic unit of a flat-optics display that creates full colours by using only two subpixels

overcoming the limitations of conventional LCD/OLED technologies that require three subpixels for each composite colour. Our devices can be manufactured with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible process

making them scalable for mass production at low cost.

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Keywords

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