
1.State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
2.Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
3.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
4.Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China
5.College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
Mingxi Zhang (mxzhang@whut.edu.cn)
Jun Qian (qianjun@zju.edu.cn)
Published:31 October 2021,
Published Online:24 September 2021,
Received:22 May 2021,
Revised:30 August 2021,
Accepted:31 August 2021
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Feng, Z. et al. Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 1949-1966 (2021).
Feng, Z. et al. Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 1949-1966 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00628-0.
In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-Ⅱ) has been considered as a promising technique for visualizing mammals. However
the definition of the NIR-Ⅱ region and the mechanism accounting for the excellent performance still need to be perfected. Herein
we simulate the photon propagation in the NIR region (to 2340 nm)
confirm the positive contribution of moderate light absorption by water in intravital imaging and perfect the NIR-Ⅱ window as 900-1880 nm
where 1400-1500 and 1700-1880 nm are defined as NIR-Ⅱx and NIR-Ⅱc regions
respectively. Moreover
2080-2340 nm is newly proposed as the third near-infrared (NIR-Ⅲ) window
which is believed to provide the best imaging quality. The wide-field fluorescence microscopy in the brain is performed around the NIR-Ⅱx region
with excellent optical sectioning strength and the largest imaging depth of intravital NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence microscopy to date. We also propose 1400 nm long-pass detection in off-peak NIR-Ⅱ imaging whose performance exceeds that of NIR-Ⅱb imaging
using bright fluorophores with short emission wavelength.
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