Halogen-doped phosphorescent carbon dots for grayscale patterning

Yanfeng Liu; Mahmoud Al-salihi; Yong Guo; Roman Ziniuk; Songtao Cai; Luwei Wang; Yuan Li; Zhigang Yang; Dengfeng Peng; Kai Xi; Zhongfu An; Xudong Jia; Liwei Liu; Wei Yan; Junle Qu

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00856-y

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Halogen-doped phosphorescent carbon dots for grayscale patterning

Articles

- Halogen-doped phosphorescent carbon dots for grayscale patterning
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 11, Issue 7, Pages: 1464-1474(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Center for Biomedical Photonics and College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
  2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
  3.Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Author bio：
  
  Wei Yan (weiyan@szu.edu.cn)
  Junle Qu (jlqu@szu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00856-y
  CLC：
Scan for full text
Li, Y. F. et al. Halogen-doped phosphorescent carbon dots for grayscale patterning. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1464-1474 (2022).
DOI：

Li, Y. F. et al. Halogen-doped phosphorescent carbon dots for grayscale patterning. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1464-1474 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00856-y.

摘要

Abstract

Flexible organic materials that exhibit dynamic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (DURTP) via photoactivation have attracted increasing research interest for their fascinating functions of reversibly writing-reading-erasing graphic information in the form of a long afterglow. However, due to the existence of a nonnegligible activation threshold for the initial exposure dose, the display mode of these materials has thus far been limited to binary patterns. By resorting to halogen element doping of carbon dots (CDs) to enhance intersystem crossing and reduce the activation threshold, we were able to produce, for the first time, a transparent, flexible, and fully programmable DURTP composite film with a reliable grayscale display capacity. Examples of promising applications in UV photography and highly confidential steganography were constructed, partially demonstrating the broad future applications of this material as a programmable platform with a high optical information density.

关键词

Keywords

references

M. M. Ito , 等 . Structural colour using organized microfibrillation in glassy polymer films . Nature , 2019 . 570 363 -367 . DOI:10.1038/s41586-019-1299-8http://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1299-8 .

B. E. Kelly , 等 . Volumetric additive manufacturing via tomographic reconstruction . Science , 2019 . 363 1075 -1079 . DOI:10.1126/science.aau7114http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7114 .

Q. Li , M. G. Ji , J. Kim . Grayscale nanopixel printing at sub-10-nanometer vertical resolution via light-controlled nanocapillarity . ACS Nano , 2020 . 14 6058 -6066 . DOI:10.1021/acsnano.0c01791http://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c01791 .

L. Qin , 等 . Piecewise phototuning of self-organized helical superstructures . Adv. Mater. , 2018 . 30 1704941 DOI:10.1002/adma.201704941http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704941 .

D. Li , 等 . Time-resolved encryption via a kinetics-tunable supramolecular photochromic system . Adv. Sci. , 2022 . 9 2104790 DOI:10.1002/advs.202104790http://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202104790 .

J. W. Jiang , 等 . Dual photochromics-contained photoswitchable multistate fluorescent polymers for advanced optical data storage, encryption, and photowritable pattern . Chem. Eng. J. , 2021 . 425 131557 DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2021.131557http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131557 .

Z. T. Yang , 等 . Highly responsive photochromic ceramics for high-contrast rewritable information displays . Laser Photonics Rev. , 2021 . 15 2000525 DOI:10.1002/lpor.202000525http://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202000525 .

T. Han , 等 . Photoresponsive spiro-polymers generated in situ by C-H-activated polyspiroannulation . Nat. Commun. , 2019 . 10 5483 DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-13308-whttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13308-w .

Z. T. Yang , 等 . Designing photochromic materials with large luminescence modulation and strong photochromic efficiency for dual-mode rewritable optical storage . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2021 . 9 2100669 DOI:10.1002/adom.202100669http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202100669 .

S. S. Lin , 等 . High-security-level multi-dimensional optical storage medium: nanostructured glass embedded with LiGa5O8: Mn2+ with photostimulated luminescence . Light. Sci. Appl. , 2020 . 9 22 DOI:10.1038/s41377-020-0258-3http://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-020-0258-3 .

S. G. Wan , W. Lu . Reversible photoactivated phosphorescence of Gold(Ⅰ) arylethynyl complexes in aerated DMSO solutions and gels . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2017 . 56 1784 -1788 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201610762http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201610762.

Y. S. Wang , 等 . New phenothiazine derivatives that exhibit photoinduced room-temperature phosphorescence . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 . 31 2101719 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202101719http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202101719 .

L. W. Ma , 等 . Highly efficient room-temperature phosphorescence based on single-benzene structure molecules and photoactivated luminescence with afterglow . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 . 31 2010659 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202010659http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202010659 .

S. S. Lin , 等 . A photostimulated BaSi2O5: Eu2+, Nd3+ phosphor-in-glass for erasable-rewritable optical storage medium . Laser Photonics Rev. , 2019 . 13 1900006 DOI:10.1002/lpor.201900006http://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201900006 .

Y. J. Ma , 等 . Dynamic manipulating space-resolved persistent luminescence in core-shell MOFs heterostructures via reversible photochromism . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2022 . 61 e202114100 .

J. Yang , 等 . The influence of the molecular packing on the room temperature phosphorescence of purely organic luminogens . Nat. Commun. , 2018 . 9 840 DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-03236-6http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03236-6 .

Z. Yin , 等 . Molecular engineering through control of structural deformation for highly efficient ultralong organic phosphorescence . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2021 . 60 2058 -2063 . DOI:10.1002/anie.202011830http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202011830 .

M. Gmelch , 等 . Programmable transparent organic luminescent tags . Sci. Adv. , 2019 . 5 eaau7310 DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aau7310http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7310 .

Y. F. Liu , 等 . Photo-induced ultralong phosphorescence of carbon dots for thermally sensitive dynamic patterning . Chem. Sci. , 2021 . 12 8199 -8206 . DOI:10.1039/D1SC01394Ghttp://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC01394G .

Y. F. Ding , 等 . Tailored fabrication of carbon dot composites with full-color ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence for multidimensional encryption . Adv. Sci. , 2022 . 9 2103833 DOI:10.1002/advs.202103833http://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202103833 .

J. Tan , 等 . Time-dependent phosphorescence colors from carbon dots for advanced dynamic information encryption . Adv. Mater. , 2021 . 33 2006781 DOI:10.1002/adma.202006781http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006781 .

Y. Q. Sun , 等 . Ultralong lifetime and efficient room temperature phosphorescent carbon dots through multi-confinement structure design . Nat. Commun. , 2020 . 11 5591 DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-19422-4http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19422-4 .

K. Jiang , 等 . Triple-mode emission of carbon dots: applications for advanced anti-counterfeiting . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2016 . 55 7231 -7235 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201602445http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201602445 .

Y. H. Deng , 等 . Long lifetime pure organic phosphorescence based on water soluble carbon dots . Chem. Commun. , 2013 . 49 5751 -5753 . DOI:10.1039/c3cc42600ahttp://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc42600a .

C. Demangeat , 等 . σ-conjugation and H-bond-directed supramolecular self-assembly: key features for efficient long-lived room temperature phosphorescent organic molecular crystals . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2021 . 60 2446 -2454 . DOI:10.1002/anie.202011770http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202011770 .

Y. Y. Gong , 等 . Achieving persistent room temperature phosphorescence and remarkable mechanochromism from pure organic luminogens . Adv. Mater. , 2015 . 27 6195 -6201 . DOI:10.1002/adma.201502442http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201502442 .

Y. S. Zhou , 等 . Long-lived room-temperature phosphorescence for visual and quantitative detection of oxygen . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2019 . 58 12102 -12106 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201906312http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201906312 .

Y. C. Yu , 等 . Room-temperature-phosphorescence-based dissolved oxygen detection by core-shell polymer nanoparticles containing metal-free organic phosphors . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2017 . 56 16207 -16211 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201708606http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201708606 .

H. Thomas , 等 . Aromatic Phosphonates: a novel group of emitters showing blue ultralong room temperature phosphorescence . Adv. Mater. , 2020 . 32 2000880 DOI:10.1002/adma.202000880http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202000880 .

M. Gmelch , 等 . High-speed and continuous-wave programmable luminescent tags based on exclusive room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) . Adv. Sci. , 2021 . 8 2102104 DOI:10.1002/advs.202102104http://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202102104 .

J. C. Miller , J. S. Meek , S. J. Strickler . Heavy atom effects on the triplet lifetimes of naphthalene and phenanthrene . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1977 . 99 8175 -8179 . DOI:10.1021/ja00467a008http://doi.org/10.1021/ja00467a008 .

J. Q. Wang , 等 . Bromine-substituted fluorene: molecular structure, Br-Br Interactions, room-temperature phosphorescence, and tricolor triboluminescence . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2018 . 57 16821 -16826 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201811660http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201811660 .

L. Deng , 等 . Development of hydrophilicity gradient ultracentrifugation method for photoluminescence investigation of separated non-sedimental carbon dots . Nano Res. , 2015 . 8 2810 -2821 . DOI:10.1007/s12274-015-0786-yhttp://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0786-y .

H. Q. Song , 等 . Halogen-doped carbon dots on amorphous cobalt phosphide as robust electrocatalysts for overall water splitting . Adv. Energy Mater. , 2022 . 12 2102573 DOI:10.1002/aenm.202102573http://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202102573 .

P. Long , 等 . Solid-state fluorescence of fluorine-modified carbon nanodots aggregates triggered by poly(ethylene glycol) . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2017 . 9 37981 -37990 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.7b13138http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b13138 .

P. Long , 等 . Self-protective room-temperature phosphorescence of fluorine and nitrogen codoped carbon dots . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2018 . 28 1800791 DOI:10.1002/adfm.201800791http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201800791 .

F. Liu , 等 . Room-temperature phosphorescent fluorine-nitrogen co-doped carbon dots: information encryption and anti-counterfeiting . Carbon , 2021 . 181 9 -15 . DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.023http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.023 .

D. Y. Pan , 等 . Hydrothermal route for cutting graphene sheets into blue-luminescent graphene quantum dots . Adv. Mater. , 2010 . 22 734 -738 . DOI:10.1002/adma.200902825http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200902825 .

S. Park , 等 . Hydrazine-reduction of graphite- and graphene oxide . Carbon , 2011 . 49 3019 -3023 . DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.071http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.071 .

N. Gan , 等 . Manipulating the stacking of triplet chromophores in the crystal form for ultralong organic phosphorescence . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2019 . 58 14140 -14145 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201907572http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201907572 .

J. E. Fulton . Jr Utilizing the ultraviolet (UV detect) camera to enhance the appearance of photodamage and other skin conditions . Dermatologic Surg. , 1997 . 23 163 -169. .

K. Yabe , 等 . Simple method for screening aflatoxin-producing molds by UV photography . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 1987 . 53 230 -234 . DOI:10.1128/aem.53.2.230-234.1987http://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.2.230-234.1987 .

K. Lunau . Stamens and mimic stamens as components of floral colour patterns . Botanische Jahr.ücher f.ür. Systematik, Pflanzengesch. und Pflanzengeographie , 2006 . 127 13 -41 . DOI:10.1127/0006-8152/2006/0127-0013http://doi.org/10.1127/0006-8152/2006/0127-0013 .

B. Wu , 等 . Ultralong and high-efficiency room temperature phosphorescence of organic-phosphors-doped polymer films enhanced by 3D network . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2020 . 8 2001192 DOI:10.1002/adom.202001192http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202001192 .

M. A. Digman , 等 . The phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis . Biophysical J. , 2008 . 94 L14 -L16 . DOI:10.1529/biophysj.107.120154http://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.107.120154 .

L. W. Wang , 等 . Resolution improvement in STED super-resolution microscopy at low power using a phasor plot approach . Nanoscale , 2018 . 10 16252 -16260 . DOI:10.1039/C8NR03584Ahttp://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR03584A .

S. Ranjit , 等 . Fit-free analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging data using the phasor approach . Nat. Protoc. , 2018 . 13 1979 -2004 . DOI:10.1038/s41596-018-0026-5http://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-018-0026-5 .

H. A. Torrey , W. H. Hunter . The action of iodides on bromanil. Iodanil and some of its derivatives . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1912 . 34 702 -716 . DOI:10.1021/ja02206a016http://doi.org/10.1021/ja02206a016 .

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰