Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold

Kai Sun; Ze-Yan Hao; Yan Wang; Jia-Kun Li; Xiao-Ye Xu; Jin-Shi Xu; Yong-Jian Han; Chuan-Feng Li; Guang-Can Guo

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00891-9

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Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold

Original Articles

- Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 11, Issue 8, Pages: 1834-1842(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
  2.CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
  3.Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
- Author bio：
  
  Jin-Shi Xu (jsxu@ustc.edu.cn)
  Yong-Jian Han (smhan@ustc.edu.cn)
  Chuan-Feng Li (cfli@ustc.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00891-9
  CLC：
- Published：31 August 2022，
  
  Published Online：05 July 2022，
  
  Received：30 March 2022，
  
  Revised：08 June 2022，
  
  Accepted：10 June 2022
- Accepted：
Scan for full text
Sun, K. et al. Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1834-1842 (2022).
DOI：

Sun, K. et al. Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1834-1842 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00891-9.

摘要

Abstract

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes

in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits

enable to the output of a higher probability of correct logical qubits under the presence of errors. However

strict requirements to encode qubits and operators render the implementation of a full fault-tolerant computation challenging even for the achievable noisy intermediate-scale quantum technology. Especially the threshold for fault-tolerant computation still lacks experimental verification. Here

based on an all-optical setup

we experimentally demonstrate the existence of the threshold for the fault-tolerant protocol. Four physical qubits are represented as the spatial modes of two entangled photons

which are used to encode two logical qubits. The experimental results clearly show that when the error rate is below the threshold

the probability of correct output in the circuit

formed with fault-tolerant gates

is higher than that in the corresponding non-encoded circuit. In contrast

when the error rate is above the threshold

no advantage is observed in the fault-tolerant implementation. The developed high-accuracy optical system may provide a reliable platform to investigate error propagation in more complex circuits with fault-tolerant gates.

关键词

Keywords

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