Low-loss microwave photonics links using hollow core fibres

Xi Zhang; Zitong Feng; David Marpaung; Eric Numkam Fokoua; Hesham Sakr; John Richard Hayes; Francesco Poletti; David John Richardson; Radan Slavík

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00908-3

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Low-loss microwave photonics links using hollow core fibres

Original Articles

- Low-loss microwave photonics links using hollow core fibres
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 11, Issue 8, Pages: 1891-1902(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
  2.Laser Physics and Nonlinear Optics Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
- Author bio：
  
  Zitong Feng (Zitong.Feng@soton.ac.uk)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00908-3
  CLC：
- Published：31 August 2022，
  
  Published Online：07 July 2022，
  
  Received：27 November 2021，
  
  Revised：02 June 2022，
  
  Accepted：21 June 2022
- Accepted：
Scan for full text
Zhang, X. et al. Low-loss microwave photonics links using hollow core fibres. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1891-1902 (2022).
DOI：

Zhang, X. et al. Low-loss microwave photonics links using hollow core fibres. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1891-1902 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00908-3.

摘要

Abstract

There are a host of applications in communications

sensing

and science

in which analogue signal transmission is preferred over today's dominant digital transmission. In some of these applications

the advantage is in lower cost

while in others

it lies in superior performance. However

especially for longer analogue photonics links (up to 10 s of km)

the performance is strongly limited by the impairments arising from using standard single-mode fibres (SSMF). Firstly

the three key metrics of analogue links (loss

noise figure

and dynamic range) tend to improve with received power

but this is limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering in SSMF. Further degradation is due to the chromatic dispersion of SSMF

which induces radio-frequency (RF) signal fading

increases even-order distortions

and causes phase-to-intensity-noise conversion. Further distortions still

are caused by the Kerr nonlinearity of SSMF. We propose to address all of these shortcomings by replacing SSMFs with hollow-core optical fibres

which have simultaneously six times lower chromatic dispersion and several orders of magnitude lower nonlinearity (Brillouin

Kerr). We demonstrate the advantages in this application using a 7.7 km long hollow-core fibre sample

significantly surpassing the performance of an SSMF link in virtually every metric

including 15 dB higher link gain and 6 dB lower noise figure.

关键词

Keywords

references

N. J. Gomes, P. P. Monteiro, A. Gameiro. Next Generation Wireless Communications Using Radio over Fiber, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2012.

X. H. Zou, 等. Microwave photonics for featured applications in high-speed railways: communications, detection, and sensing. J. Lightwave Technol., 2018. 364337-4346. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2018.2813663http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2018.2813663.

G. Serafino, 等. Microwave photonics for remote sensing: from basic concepts to high-level functionalities. J. Lightwave Technol., 2020. 385339-5355. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2020.2989618http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2020.2989618.

S. R. Moon, 等. RoF-based indoor distributed antenna system that can simultaneously support 5G mmWave and 6G terahertz services. Opt. Express, 2022. 301521-1533. DOI:10.1364/OE.445565http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.445565.

Y. Horst, 等. Transparent optical-THz-optical link at 240/192 Gbit/s Over 5/115 m enabled by plasmonics. J. Lightwave Technol., 2022. 401690-1697. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2022.3148534http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3148534.

G. Fizza, 等. Review on foreign object debris detection technologies and advancement for airport safety and surveillance. Turkish J. Computer Math. Educ., 2021. 121431-1436. .

Nsengiyumva, F. et al. Millimeter-wave imaging of foreign object debris (FOD) based on two-dimensional approach. in 2015 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA) 1–4 (IEEE, 2015).

Merlet, T. et al. Photonics for RF signal processing in radar systems. in 2004 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics 305–308 (IEEE, 2004).

G. Serafino, 等. Toward a new generation of radar systems based on microwave photonic technologies. J. Lightwave Technol., 2019. 37643-650. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2019.2894224http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2019.2894224.

J. Welch, 等. The Allen telescope array: the first widefield, panchromatic, snapshot radio camera for radio astronomy and SETI. Proc. IEEE, 2009. 971438-1447. DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2009.2017103http://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2017103.

A. Wootten, A. R. Thompson. The Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array. Proc. IEEE, 2009. 971463-1471. DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2009.2020572http://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2020572.

M. de Vos, A. W. Gunst, R. Nijboer. The LOFAR telescope: system architecture and signal processing. Proc. IEEE, 2009. 971431-1437. DOI:10.1109/JPROC.2009.2020509http://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2020509.

Schilizzi, R. T. The square kilometer array. in Proceedings of SPIE 5489, Ground-based Telescopes 62–71 (SPIE, 2004).

E. I. Ackerman, C. H. Cox. RF fiber-optic link performance. IEEE Microw. Mag., 2001. 250-58. DOI:10.1109/6668.969935http://doi.org/10.1109/6668.969935.

E. Peral, A. Yariv. Degradation of modulation and noise characteristics of semiconductor lasers after propagation in optical fiber due to a phase shift induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1999. 351185-1195. DOI:10.1109/3.777219http://doi.org/10.1109/3.777219.

R. W. Boyd. Nonlinear Optics, 4th ednAcademic Press, 2020.

A. Kobyakov, M. Sauer, D. Chowdhury. Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. Adv. Opt. Photonics, 2010. 21-59. DOI:10.1364/AOP.2.000001http://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.2.000001.

A. R. Chraplyvy. Limitations on lightwave communications imposed by optical-fiber nonlinearities. J. Lightwave Technol., 1990. 81548-1557. DOI:10.1109/50.59195http://doi.org/10.1109/50.59195.

M. R. Phillips, D. M. Ott. Crosstalk due to optical fiber nonlinearities in WDM CATV lightwave systems. J. Lightwave Technol., 1999. 171782-1792. DOI:10.1109/50.793751http://doi.org/10.1109/50.793751.

A. L. Campillo. Interchannel nonlinear crosstalk in analog polarization modulated WDM systems. J. Lightwave Technol., 2006. 241186-1193. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2005.863325http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2005.863325.

M. O. van Deventer, A. J. Boot. Polarization properties of stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode fibers. J. Lightwave Technol., 1994. 12585-590. DOI:10.1109/50.285349http://doi.org/10.1109/50.285349.

J. L. Corral, J. Marti, J. M. Fuster. General expressions for IM/DD dispersive analog optical links with external modulation or optical up-conversion in a Mach-Zehnder electrooptical modulator. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 2001. 491968-1976. DOI:10.1109/22.954816http://doi.org/10.1109/22.954816.

A. L. Campillo, 等. Maximizing Optical Power Throughput in Long Fiber Optic Links, Naval Research Laboratory, 2006.

C. A. S. de Oliveira, 等. Stimulated Brillouin scattering in cascaded fibers of different Brillouin frequency shifts. J. Optical Soc. Am. B, 1993. 10969-972. DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.10.000969http://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.10.000969.

H. Wen, 等. Few-mode fibre-optic microwave photonic links. Light.: Sci. Appl., 2017. 6e17021DOI:10.1038/lsa.2017.21http://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.21.

Grüner-Nielsen, L. et al. A silica based highly nonlinear fibre with improved threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering. in 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication 1–3 (IEEE, 2010).

Y. Takushima, T. Okoshi. Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering using optical isolators. Electron. Lett., 1992. 281155-1157. DOI:10.1049/el:19920729http://doi.org/10.1049/el:19920729.

J. D. McKinney, V. J. Urick, J. Briguglio. Optical comb sources for high dynamic-range single-span long-haul analog optical links. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 2011. 593249-3257. DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2011.2168966http://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2011.2168966.

M. S. Alshaykh, 等. Kerr combs for stimulated Brillouin scattering mitigation in long-haul analog optical links. J. Lightwave Technol., 2019. 375773-5779. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2019.2938826http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2019.2938826.

Jez, D. R. Suppression of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in analog CATV Transmission Systems. PhD thesis, University of British Columbia (2001).

Okusaga, O. et al. Fiber-induced degradation in RF-over-fiber links. in 2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings 1–5 (IEEE, 2012).

Z. H. Zhu, 等. Optimization of an analog intersatellite microwave photonics link with an optical preamplifier. J. Optical Soc. Am. A, 2012. 292525-2531. DOI:10.1364/JOSAA.29.002525http://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.29.002525.

Y. C. Cai, 等. Performance comparison of optical single-sideband modulation in RoF link. Opt. Commun., 2020. 463125409DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125409http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125409.

B. Baeuerle, 等. 100 GBd IM/DD transmission over 14 km SMF in the C-band enabled by a plasmonic SSB MZM. Opt. Express, 2020. 288601-8608. DOI:10.1364/OE.384825http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.384825.

Sakr, H. et al. Hollow core NANFs with five nested tubes and record low loss at 850, 1060, 1300 and 1625 nm. in 2021 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition 1–3 (IEEE, 2021).

Y. Tamura, 等. The first 0.14-dB/km loss optical fiber and its impact on submarine transmission. J. Lightwave Technol., 2018. 3644-49. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2018.2796647http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2018.2796647.

F. Poletti. Nested antiresonant nodeless hollow core fiber. Opt. Express, 2014. 2223807-23828. DOI:10.1364/OE.22.023807http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.023807.

F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hollow core photonic crystal fiber. J. Mod. Opt., 2011. 5887-124. DOI:10.1080/09500340.2010.543706http://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2010.543706.

M. Ding, 等. Long-length and thermally stable high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometers made of hollow core optical fiber. J. Lightwave Technol., 2020. 382423-2427. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2020.2973576http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2020.2973576.

Thévenaz, L., Yang, F. & Gyger, F. Large Brillouin interaction in hollow core fibers. in 2019 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 1–3 (IEEE, 2019).

Roussell, H. V. et al. Gain, noise figure and bandwidth-limited dynamic range of a low-biased external modulation link. in 2007 Interntional Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics 84–87 (IEEE, 2007).

V. J. Urick, K. J. Williams, J. D. McKinney. Fundamentals of Microwave Photonics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2015.

D. Suslov, 等. Low loss and high performance interconnection between standard single-mode fiber and antiresonant hollow-core fiber. Sci. Rep., 2021. 118799DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-88065-2http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88065-2.

Marpaung, D. A. I. High Dynamic Range Analog Photonic Links: Design and Implementation. PhD thesis, University of Twente (2009).

C. H. Cox Ⅲ. Analog Optical Links: Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

W. Belardi. Design and properties of hollow antiresonant fibers for the visible and near infrared spectral range. J. Lightwave Technol., 2015. 334497-4503. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2015.2477775http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2015.2477775.

Ruffin, A. B. Stimulated brillouin scattering: an overview of measurements, system impairments, and applications. in Technical Digest: Symposium on Optical Fiber Measurements 23–28 (IEEE, 2004).

M. D. Mermelstein. SBS threshold measurements and acoustic beam propagation modeling in guiding and anti-guiding single mode optical fibers. Opt. Express, 2009. 1716225-16237. DOI:10.1364/OE.17.016225http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.016225.

H. A. Al-Asadi, 等. Effects of pump recycling technique on stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold: a theoretical model. Opt. Express, 2010. 1822339-22347. DOI:10.1364/OE.18.022339http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.022339.

E. N. Fokoua, 等. Polarization effects on thermally stable latency in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers. J. Lightwave Technol., 2021. 392142-2150. DOI:10.1109/JLT.2020.3043832http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2020.3043832.

Poggiolini, P. & Poletti, F. Opportunities and challenges for long-distance transmission in hollow-core fibres. in 2021 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition 1–3 (IEEE, 2021).

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰