Liquid crystal-based structural color actuators

Pei Zhang; Laurens T. de Haan; Michael G. Debije; Albert P. H. J. Schenning

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00937-y

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Liquid crystal-based structural color actuators

Reviews

- Liquid crystal-based structural color actuators
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 11, Issue 9, Pages: 1994-2017(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
  2.Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
  3.SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Author bio：
  
  Michael G. Debije (m.g.debije@tue.nl)
  Albert P. H. J. Schenning (a.p.h.j.schenning@tue.nl)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00937-y
  CLC：
Scan for full text
Zhang, P. et al. Liquid crystal-based structural color actuators. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1994-2017 (2022).
DOI：

Zhang, P. et al. Liquid crystal-based structural color actuators. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1994-2017 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00937-y.

摘要

Abstract

Animals can modify their body shape and/or color for protection, camouflage and communication. This adaptability has inspired fabrication of actuators with structural color changes to endow soft robots with additional functionalities. Using liquid crystal-based materials for actuators with structural color changes is a promising approach. In this review, we discuss the current state of liquid crystal-based actuators with structural color changes and the potential applications of these structural color actuators in soft robotic devices.

关键词

Keywords

references

R. T. Hanlon , A. C. Watson , A. Barbosa . A "mimic octopus" in the atlantic: flatfish mimicry and camouflage by Macrotritopus defilippi . Biol. Bull. , 2010 . 218 15 -24 . DOI:10.1086/BBLv218n1p15http://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv218n1p15 .

D. Stuart-Fox , A. Moussalli . Camouflage, communication and thermoregulation: lessons from colour changing organisms . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. , 2009 . 364 463 -470 . DOI:10.1098/rstb.2008.0254http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0254 .

A. Seeboth , 等 . Thermochromic polymers—function by design . Chem. Rev. , 2014 . 114 3037 -3068 . DOI:10.1021/cr400462ehttp://doi.org/10.1021/cr400462e .

S. X. Wei , 等 . Bioinspired synergistic fluorescence-color-switchable polymeric hydrogel actuators . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2019 . 58 16243 -16251 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201908437http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201908437 .

C. X. Ma , 等 . Bioinspired anisotropic hydrogel actuators with on–off switchable and color-tunable fluorescence behaviors . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2018 . 28 1704568 DOI:10.1002/adfm.201704568http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201704568 .

Z. C. Liu , 等 . Thermo- and mechanochromic camouflage and self-healing in biomimetic soft actuators based on liquid crystal elastomers . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2022 . 61 e202115755 .

M. Z. Nie , C. Huang , X. M. Du . Recent advances in colour-tunable soft actuators . Nanoscale , 2021 . 13 2780 -2791 . DOI:10.1039/D0NR07907Chttp://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR07907C .

Y. C. Wang , J. Q. Liu , S. Yang . Multi-functional liquid crystal elastomer composites . Appl. Phys. Rev. , 2022 . 9 011301 DOI:10.1063/5.0075471http://doi.org/10.1063/5.0075471 .

M. Pilz Da Cunha , M. G. Debije , A. P. H. J. Schenning . Bioinspired light-driven soft robots based on liquid crystal polymers . Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2020 . 49 6568 -6578 . DOI:10.1039/D0CS00363Hhttp://doi.org/10.1039/D0CS00363H .

H. Finkelmann , 等 . Tunable mirrorless lasing in cholesteric liquid crystalline elastomers . Adv. Mater. , 2001 . 13 1069 -1072 . DOI:10.1002/1521-4095(200107)13:14<1069::AID-ADMA1069>3.0.CO;2-6http://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200107)13:14<1069::AID-ADMA1069>3.0.CO;2-6 .

P. Cicuta , A. R. Tajbakhsh , E. M. Terentjev . Photonic gaps in cholesteric elastomers under deformation . Phys. Rev. E , 2004 . 70 011703 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.011703http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.70.011703 .

Y. S. Zhang , 等 . Stretchable freestanding films of 3D nanocrystalline blue phase elastomer and their tunable applications . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2021 . 9 2001427 DOI:10.1002/adom.202001427http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202001427 .

F. Castles , 等 . Stretchable liquid-crystal blue-phase gels . Nat. Mater. , 2014 . 13 817 -821 . DOI:10.1038/nmat3993http://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3993 .

K. R. Schlafmann , T. J. White . Retention and deformation of the blue phases in liquid crystalline elastomers . Nat. Commun. , 2021 . 12 4916 DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-25112-6http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25112-6 .

J. M. Clough , C. Weder , S. Schrettl . Mechanochromism in structurally colored polymeric materials . Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 2021 . 42 2000528 DOI:10.1002/marc.202000528http://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000528 .

S. S. Lee , 等 . Wavelength-tunable and shape-reconfigurable photonic capsule resonators containing cholesteric liquid crystals . Sci. Adv. , 2018 . 4 eaat8276 DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aat8276http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat8276 .

P. Cicuta , A. R. Tajbakhsh , E. M. Terentjev . Evolution of photonic structure on deformation of cholesteric elastomers . Phys. Rev. E , 2002 . 65 051704 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051704http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051704 .

R. Kizhakidathazhath , 等 . Facile anisotropic deswelling method for realizing large-area cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers with uniform structural color and broad-range mechanochromic response . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2020 . 30 1909537 DOI:10.1002/adfm.201909537http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909537 .

P. Zhang , 等 . A patterned mechanochromic photonic polymer for reversible image reveal . Adv. Mater. Interfaces , 2020 . 7 1901878 DOI:10.1002/admi.201901878http://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901878 .

K. Hisano , 等 . Mechano-optical sensors fabricated with multilayered liquid crystal elastomers exhibiting tunable deformation recovery . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 . 31 2104702 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202104702http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202104702 .

O. T. Picot , 等 . A real time optical strain sensor based on a cholesteric liquid crystal network . RSC Adv. , 2013 . 3 18794 -18798 . DOI:10.1039/c3ra42986ehttp://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42986e .

X. Y. Shi , 等 . Wearable optical sensing of strain and humidity: a patterned dual-responsive semi-interpenetrating network of a cholesteric main-chain polymer and a poly(ampholyte) . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 . 31 2104641 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202104641http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202104641 .

C. E. Boott , 等 . Cellulose nanocrystal elastomers with reversible visible color . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2020 . 59 226 -231 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201911468http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201911468 .

Z. L. Zhang , 等 . Chameleon-inspired variable coloration enabled by a highly flexible photonic cellulose film . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2020 . 12 46710 -46718 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.0c13551http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c13551 .

I. Dierking . Chiral liquid crystals: structures, phases, effects . Symmetry , 2014 . 6 444 -472 . DOI:10.3390/sym6020444http://doi.org/10.3390/sym6020444 .

Takezoe, H. & Eremin, A. Bent-shaped liquid crystals: structures and physical properties (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017).

T. J. White , D. J. Broer . Programmable and adaptive mechanics with liquid crystal polymer networks and elastomers . Nat. Mater. , 2015 . 14 1087 -1098 . DOI:10.1038/nmat4433http://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4433 .

L. Hines , 等 . Soft actuators for small-scale robotics . Adv. Mater. , 2017 . 29 1603483 DOI:10.1002/adma.201603483http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603483 .

S. Huang , 等 . Covalent adaptable liquid crystal networks enabled by reversible ring-opening cascades of cyclic disulfides . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2021 . 143 12543 -12551 . DOI:10.1021/jacs.1c03661http://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c03661 .

L. Chen , 等 . Healable and rearrangeable networks of liquid crystal elastomers enabled by diselenide bonds . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2021 . 60 16394 -16398 . DOI:10.1002/anie.202105278http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202105278 .

Z. H. Zhang , 等 . Structural color materials from natural polymers . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 . 6 2100296 .

Y. J. Zhao , 等 . Bio-inspired variable structural color materials . Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2012 . 41 3297 -3317 . DOI:10.1039/c2cs15267chttp://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs15267c .

L. R. Shang , 等 . Bio-inspired intelligent structural color materials . Mater. Horiz. , 2019 . 6 945 -958 . DOI:10.1039/C9MH00101Hhttp://doi.org/10.1039/C9MH00101H .

T. Xu , 等 . Structural colors: from plasmonic to carbon nanostructures . Small , 2011 . 7 3128 -3136 . DOI:10.1002/smll.201101068http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201101068 .

Y. F. Yue , J. P. Gong . Tunable one-dimensional photonic crystals from soft materials . J. Photochemistry Photobiol. C Photochemistry Rev. , 2015 . 23 45 -67 . DOI:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.001http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.001 .

L. Wang , Q. Li . Stimuli-directing self-organized 3D liquid-crystalline nanostructures: from materials design to photonic applications . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2016 . 26 10 -28 . DOI:10.1002/adfm.201502071http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201502071 .

H. K. Bisoyi , Q. Li . Liquid crystals: versatile self-organized smart soft materials . Chem. Rev. , 2022 . 122 4887 -4926 . DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00761http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00761 .

R. M. Parker , 等 . The self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals: hierarchical design of visual appearance . Adv. Mater. , 2018 . 30 1704477 DOI:10.1002/adma.201704477http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704477 .

A. Tran , C. E. Boott , M. J. MacLachlan . Understanding the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals—toward chiral photonic materials . Adv. Mater. , 2020 . 32 1905876 DOI:10.1002/adma.201905876http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905876 .

T. J. White , M. E. McConney , T. J. Bunning . Dynamic color in stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid crystals . J. Mater. Chem. , 2010 . 20 9832 -9847 . DOI:10.1039/c0jm00843ehttp://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm00843e .

H. Khandelwal , 等 . Infrared regulating smart window based on organic materials . Adv. Energy Mater. , 2017 . 7 1602209 DOI:10.1002/aenm.201602209http://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602209 .

H. Khandelwal , 等 . Electrically tunable infrared reflector with adjustable bandwidth broadening up to 1100 nm . J. Mater. Chem. A , 2016 . 4 6064 -6069 . DOI:10.1039/C6TA01647Bhttp://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA01647B .

L. Qin , 等 . Piecewise phototuning of self-organized helical superstructures . Adv. Mater. , 2018 . 30 1704941 DOI:10.1002/adma.201704941http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704941 .

C. J. Yang , 等 . 3D-printed biomimetic systems with synergetic color and shape responses based on oblate cholesteric liquid crystal droplets . Adv. Mater. , 2021 . 33 2006361 DOI:10.1002/adma.202006361http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006361 .

P. F. Lv , 等 . Nanocellulose-based functional materials: from chiral photonics to soft actuator and energy storage . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 . 31 2104991 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202104991http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202104991 .

M. K. Khan , 等 . Photonic patterns printed in chiral nematic mesoporous resins . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2015 . 54 4304 -4308 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201410411http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201410411 .

N. Yang , 等 . Photonic actuators with predefined shapes . Nanoscale , 2019 . 11 10088 -10096 . DOI:10.1039/C9NR02294Ehttp://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR02294E .

M. K. Khan , W. Y. Hamad , M. J. MacLachlan . Tunable mesoporous bilayer photonic resins with chiral nematic structures and actuator properties . Adv. Mater. , 2014 . 26 2323 -2328 . DOI:10.1002/adma.201304966http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304966 .

Y. Z. Yang , 等 . 3D chiral photonic nanostructures based on blue-phase liquid crystals . Small Sci. , 2021 . 1 2100007 DOI:10.1002/smsc.202100007http://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202100007 .

W. Hu , 等 . Ultrastable liquid crystalline blue phase from molecular synergistic self-assembly . Nat. Commun. , 2021 . 12 1440 DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-21564-yhttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21564-y .

H. Kikuchi , 等 . Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases . Nat. Mater. , 2002 . 1 64 -68 . DOI:10.1038/nmat712http://doi.org/10.1038/nmat712 .

H. J. Coles , M. N. Pivnenko . Liquid crystal 'blue phases' with a wide temperature range . Nature , 2005 . 436 997 -1000 . DOI:10.1038/nature03932http://doi.org/10.1038/nature03932 .

W. Hu , 等 . Humidity-responsive blue phase liquid-crystalline film with reconfigurable and tailored visual signals . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2020 . 30 2004610 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202004610http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202004610 .

H. H. Xing , 等 . Bio-inspired thermal-responsive inverse opal films with dual structural colors based on liquid crystal elastomer . J. Mater. Chem. C. , 2015 . 3 4424 -4430 . DOI:10.1039/C5TC00548Ehttp://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC00548E .

S. H. Park , Y. N. Xia . Assembly of mesoscale particles over large areas and its application in fabricating tunable optical filters . Langmuir , 1999 . 15 266 -273 . DOI:10.1021/la980658ehttp://doi.org/10.1021/la980658e .

C. Fenzl , T. Hirsch , O. S. Wolfbeis . Photonic crystals for chemical sensing and biosensing . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2014 . 53 3318 -3335 . DOI:10.1002/anie.201307828http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201307828 .

P. Lova , G. Manfredi , D. Comoretto . Advances in functional solution processed planar 1D photonic crystals . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2018 . 6 1800730 DOI:10.1002/adom.201800730http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800730 .

L. V. Natarajan , 等 . Electro-thermal tuning in a negative dielectric cholesteric liquid crystal material . J. Appl. Phys. , 2008 . 103 093107 DOI:10.1063/1.2913326http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2913326 .

M. T. Brannum , 等 . Light control with liquid crystalline elastomers . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2019 . 7 1801683 DOI:10.1002/adom.201801683http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801683 .

P. Zhang , 等 . 4D chiral photonic actuators with switchable hyper-reflectivity . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2021 . 31 2007887 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202007887http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007887 .

D. J. Broer . Deformed chiral-nematic networks obtained by polarized excitation of a dichroic photoinitiator . Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. , 2002 . 6 553 -561 . DOI:10.1016/S1359-0286(03)00010-Xhttp://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0286(03)00010-X .

D. J. Broer , 等 . Photo-induced diffusion in polymerizing chiral-nematic media . Adv. Mater. , 1999 . 11 573 -578 . DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199905)11:7<573::AID-ADMA573>3.0.CO;2-Ehttp://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199905)11:7<573::AID-ADMA573>3.0.CO;2-E .

M. Warner , 等 . Untwisting of a cholesteric elastomer by a mechanical field . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2000 . 85 2320 -2323 . DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2320http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2320 .

Y. Mao , E. M. Terentjev , M. Warner . Cholesteric elastomers: deformable photonic solids . Phys. Rev. E , 2001 . 64 041803 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.64.041803http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.64.041803 .

P. Zhang , 等 . Pigmented structural color actuators fueled by near-infrared light . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2022 . 14 20093 -20100 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.2c03392http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c03392 .

Sol, J. A. H. P. et al. Direct ink writing of 4D structural colors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2201766, https://doi.org/10.1002/ADFM.202201766https://doi.org/10.1002/ADFM.202201766 (2022).

A. M. Martinez , 等 . Reconfigurable and spatially programmable chameleon skin-like material utilizing light responsive covalent adaptable cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2020 . 30 2003150 DOI:10.1002/adfm.202003150http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202003150 .

S. Hussain , S. Y. Park . Photonic cholesteric liquid-crystal elastomers with reprogrammable helical pitch and handedness . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2021 . 13 59275 -59287 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.1c18697http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c18697 .

J. Z. Ma , 等 . Mechanochromic, shape-programmable and self-healable cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers enabled by dynamic covalent boronic ester bonds . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 2022 . 61 e202116219 .

Y. S. Zhang , 等 . Bio-inspired design of active photo-mechano-chemically dual-responsive photonic film based on cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers . J. Mater. Chem. C. , 2020 . 8 5517 -5524 . DOI:10.1039/C9TC05758Ghttp://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC05758G .

S. Nam , 等 . Broadband wavelength tuning of electrically stretchable chiral photonic gel . Nanophotonics , 2022 . 11 2139 -2148 . DOI:10.1515/NANOPH-2021-0645http://doi.org/10.1515/NANOPH-2021-0645 .

S. U. Kim , 等 . Broadband and pixelated camouflage in inflating chiral nematic liquid crystalline elastomers . Nat. Mater. , 2022 . 21 41 -46 . DOI:10.1038/s41563-021-01075-3http://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01075-3 .

Pozo M. del , 等 . Direct laser writing of four-dimensional structural color microactuators using a photonic photoresist . ACS Nano , 2020 . 14 9832 -9839 . DOI:10.1021/acsnano.0c02481http://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c02481 .

A. Belmonte , 等 . Dual light and temperature responsive micrometer-sized structural color actuators . Small , 2020 . 16 1905219 DOI:10.1002/smll.201905219http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201905219 .

T. H. Wu , 等 . A bio-inspired cellulose nanocrystal-based nanocomposite photonic film with hyper-reflection and humidity-responsive actuator properties . J. Mater. Chem. C. , 2016 . 4 9687 -9696 . DOI:10.1039/C6TC02629Jhttp://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC02629J .

W. N. Ge , 等 . Highly tough, stretchable, and solvent-resistant cellulose nanocrystal photonic films for mechanochromism and actuator properties . Small , 2022 . 18 2107105 DOI:10.1002/smll.202107105http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202107105 .

J. J. Yang , 等 . Beyond the visible: bioinspired infrared adaptive materials . Adv. Mater. , 2021 . 33 2004754 DOI:10.1002/adma.202004754http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202004754 .

X. K. Li , 等 . Bioinspired multi-stimuli responsive actuators with synergistic color- and morphing-change abilities . Adv. Sci. , 2021 . 8 2101295 DOI:10.1002/advs.202101295http://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202101295 .

M. Moirangthem , 等 . Photonic shape memory polymer with stable multiple colors . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2017 . 9 32161 -32167 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.7b10198http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b10198 .

J. J. Yang , 等 . Photonic shape memory polymer based on liquid crystalline blue phase films . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2019 . 11 46124 -46131 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.9b14202http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b14202 .

K. Nickmans , 等 . Photonic shape memory chiral nematic polymer coatings with changing surface topography and color . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2019 . 7 1900592 DOI:10.1002/adom.201900592http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900592 .

A. Belmonte , 等 . Brush-paintable, temperature and light responsive triple shape-memory photonic coatings based on micrometer-sized cholesteric liquid crystal polymer particles . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2020 . 8 2000054 DOI:10.1002/adom.202000054http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202000054 .

J. E. Stumpel , 等 . Stimuli-responsive materials based on interpenetrating polymer liquid crystal hydrogels . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2015 . 25 3314 -3320 . DOI:10.1002/adfm.201500745http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201500745 .

J. E. Stumpel , D. J. Broer , A. P. H. J. Schenning . Water-responsive dual-coloured photonic polymer coatings based on cholesteric liquid crystals . RSC Adv. , 2015 . 5 94650 -94653 . DOI:10.1039/C5RA18017Ahttp://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA18017A .

M. Moirangthem , A. P. H. J. Schenning . Full color camouflage in a printable photonic blue-colored polymer . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2018 . 10 4168 -4172 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.7b17892http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17892 .

A. J. J. Kragt , D. J. Broer , A. P. H. J. Schenning . Easily processable and programmable responsive semi-interpenetrating liquid crystalline polymer network coatings with changing reflectivities and surface topographies . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2018 . 28 1704756 DOI:10.1002/adfm.201704756http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201704756 .

H. H. Xing , 等 . Thermally driven photonic actuator based on silica opal photonic crystal with liquid crystal elastomer . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2016 . 8 9440 -9445 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.6b01033http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b01033 .

Y. Shi , 等 . A color-changing plasmonic actuator based on silver nanoparticle array/liquid crystalline elastomer nanocomposites . N. J. Chem. , 2016 . 40 7311 -7319 . DOI:10.1039/C6NJ00492Jhttp://doi.org/10.1039/C6NJ00492J .

S. Banisadr , J. Chen . Infrared actuation-induced simultaneous reconfiguration of surface color and morphology for soft robotics . Sci. Rep. , 2017 . 7 17521 DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-17904-yhttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17904-y .

W. Y. Wei , 等 . Thermo-responsive shape and optical memories of photonic composite films enabled by glassy liquid crystalline polymer networks . Soft Matter , 2016 . 12 8534 -8541 . DOI:10.1039/C6SM01887Dhttp://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM01887D .

W. Y. Wei , 等 . Phototriggered selective actuation and self-oscillating in dual-phase liquid crystal photonic actuators . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2018 . 6 1800131 DOI:10.1002/adom.201800131http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800131 .

J. Q. Zhao , Y. Y. Liu , Y. L. Yu . Dual-responsive inverse opal films based on a crosslinked liquid crystal polymer containing azobenzene . J. Mater. Chem. C. , 2014 . 2 10262 -10267 . DOI:10.1039/C4TC01825Ghttp://doi.org/10.1039/C4TC01825G .

G. L. Wu , 等 . Thermoresponsive inverse opal films fabricated with liquid-crystal elastomers and nematic liquid crystals . Langmuir , 2011 . 27 1505 -1509 . DOI:10.1021/la1037124http://doi.org/10.1021/la1037124 .

Y. Jiang , 等 . Electrothermally driven structural colour based on liquid crystal elastomers . J. Mater. Chem. , 2012 . 22 11943 -11949 . DOI:10.1039/c2jm30176hhttp://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm30176h .

Z. Yan , 等 . Light-switchable behavior of a microarray of azobenzene liquid crystal polymer induced by photodeformation . Macromol. Rapid Commun. , 2012 . 33 1362 -1367 . DOI:10.1002/marc.201200303http://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201200303 .

X. Qing , 等 . Phototunable Morpho butterfly microstructures modified by liquid crystal polymers . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2019 . 7 1801494 DOI:10.1002/adom.201801494http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801494 .

M. del Pozo , 等 . 4D printing of liquid crystals: what's right for me? . Adv. Mater. , 2021 . 34 2104390 DOI:10.1002/adma.202104390http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202104390 .

del Pozo , Mdel , 等 . Temperature-responsive 4D liquid crystal microactuators fabricated by direct laser writing by two-photon polymerization . Small Struct. , 2022 . 3 2100158 DOI:10.1002/sstr.202100158http://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202100158 .

del Pozo , M. Del , 等 . Patterned actuators via direct ink writing of liquid crystals . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 2021 . 13 59381 -59391 . DOI:10.1021/acsami.1c20348http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c20348 .

X. M. Du , 等 . Reconfiguration, camouflage, and color-shifting for bioinspired adaptive hydrogel-based millirobots . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2020 . 30 1909202 DOI:10.1002/adfm.201909202http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909202 .

Y. L. Wang , 等 . Chameleon-inspired structural-color actuators . Matter , 2019 . 1 626 -638 . DOI:10.1016/j.matt.2019.05.012http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.05.012 .

L. Y. Sun , 等 . Bioinspired soft robotic caterpillar with cardiomyocyte drivers . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2020 . 30 1907820 DOI:10.1002/adfm.201907820http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201907820 .

C. Kaspar , 等 . The rise of intelligent matter . Nature , 2021 . 594 345 -355 . DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03453-yhttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y .

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰