
1.John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
2.Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
3.Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
4.HyperLight Corporation, 1 Bow Street, Suite 420, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
5.Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, and Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
Di Zhu (zhu_di@imre.a-star.edu.sg)
Marko Lončar (loncar@seas.harvard.edu)
Published:31 December 2022,
Published Online:17 November 2022,
Received:25 June 2022,
Revised:30 October 2022,
Accepted:31 October 2022
Scan QR Code
Zhu, D. et al. Spectral control of nonclassical light pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 2922-2930 (2022).
Zhu, D. et al. Spectral control of nonclassical light pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 2922-2930 (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01029-7.
Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation
communication
and networking protocols
and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However
quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light
microwave
or acoustics
which is challenging to realize with high efficiency
low noise
and on an integrated chip. Here
we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of heralded single-photon pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range (±641 GHz or ±5.2 nm)
enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
J. L. O'Brien , 等 . Demonstration of an all-optical quantum controlled-NOT gate . Nature , 2003 . 426 264 -267 . DOI:10.1038/nature02054http://doi.org/10.1038/nature02054 .
P. Kok , 等 . Linear optical quantum computing with photonic qubits . Rev. Mod. Phys. , 2007 . 79 135 -174 . DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.79.135http://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.79.135 .
M. Kues , 等 . On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control . Nature , 2017 . 546 622 -626 . DOI:10.1038/nature22986http://doi.org/10.1038/nature22986 .
J. M. Lukens , P. Lougovski . Frequency-encoded photonic qubits for scalable quantum information processing . Optica , 2017 . 4 8 -16 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.4.000008http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.4.000008 .
N. Sinclair , 等 . Spectral multiplexing for scalable quantum photonics using an atomic frequency comb quantum memory and feed-forward control . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2014 . 113 053603 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.053603http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.053603 .
M. G. Puigibert , 等 . Heralded single photons based on spectral multiplexing and feed-forward control . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2017 . 119 083601 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.083601http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.083601 .
C. Joshi , 等 . Frequency multiplexing for quasi-deterministic heralded single-photon sources . Nat. Commun. , 2018 . 9 847 DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-03254-4http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03254-4 .
P. G. Kwiat , 等 . New high-intensity source of polarization-entangled photon Pairs . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 1995 . 75 4337 -4341 . DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337 .
Z. Z. Yan , 等 . Generation of heralded single photons beyond 1100 nm by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a side-stressed femtosecond laser-written waveguide . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2015 . 107 231106 DOI:10.1063/1.4937374http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937374 .
I. Aharonovich , D. Englund , M. Toth . Solid-state single-photon emitters . Nat. Photonics , 2016 . 10 631 -641 . DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2016.186http://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.186 .
H. J. Kimble . The quantum internet . Nature , 2008 . 453 1023 -1030 . DOI:10.1038/nature07127http://doi.org/10.1038/nature07127 .
A. I. Lvovsky , B. C. Sanders , W. Tittel . Optical quantum memory . Nat. Photonics , 2009 . 3 706 -714 . DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2009.231http://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.231 .
D. D. Awschalom , 等 . Quantum technologies with optically interfaced solid-state spins . Nat. Photonics , 2018 . 12 516 -527 . DOI:10.1038/s41566-018-0232-2http://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0232-2 .
M. Raymer , K. Srinivasan . Manipulating the color and shape of single photons . Phys. Today , 2012 . 65 32 DOI:10.1063/PT.3.1786http://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.1786 .
C. J. McKinstrie , 等 . Translation of quantum states by four-wave mixing in fibers . Opt. Express , 2005 . 13 9131 -9142 . DOI:10.1364/OPEX.13.009131http://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.009131 .
A. Singh , 等 . Quantum frequency conversion of a quantum dot single-photon source on a nanophotonic chip . Optica , 2019 . 6 563 -569 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.6.000563http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.000563 .
Q. Li , M. Davanço , K. Srinivasan . Efficient and low-noise single-photon-level frequency conversion interfaces using silicon nanophotonics . Nat. Photonics , 2016 . 10 406 -414 . DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2016.64http://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.64 .
P. Kumar . Quantum frequency conversion . Opt. Lett. , 1990 . 15 1476 -1478 . DOI:10.1364/OL.15.001476http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.15.001476 .
J. Lavoie , 等 . Spectral compression of single photons . Nat. Photonics , 2013 . 7 363 -366 . DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2013.47http://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.47 .
S. Zaske , 等 . Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2012 . 109 147404 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.147404http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.147404 .
M. Allgaier , 等 . Highly efficient frequency conversion with bandwidth compression of quantum light . Nat. Commun. , 2017 . 8 14288 DOI:10.1038/ncomms14288http://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14288 .
N. Matsuda . Deterministic reshaping of single-photon spectra using cross-phase modulation . Sci. Adv. , 2016 . 2 DOI:10.1126/sciadv.1501223http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501223 .
L. R. Fan , 等 . Integrated optomechanical single-photon frequency shifter . Nat. Photonics , 2016 . 10 766 -770 . DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2016.206http://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.206 .
L. R. Fan , 等 . Spectrotemporal shaping of itinerant photons via distributed nanomechanics . Nat. Photonics , 2019 . 13 323 -327 . DOI:10.1038/s41566-019-0375-9http://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0375-9 .
M. Karpiński , 等 . Bandwidth manipulation of quantum light by an electro-optic time lens . Nat. Photonics , 2017 . 11 53 -57 . DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2016.228http://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.228 .
L. J. Wright , 等 . Spectral shearing of quantum light pulses by electro-optic phase modulation . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2017 . 118 023601 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.023601http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.023601 .
M. Karpiński , 等 . Control and measurement of quantum light pulses for quantum information science and technology . Adv. Quantum Technol. , 2021 . 4 2000150 DOI:10.1002/qute.202000150http://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202000150 .
H. H. Lu , 等 . A controlled-NOT gate for frequency-bin qubits . npj Quantum Inf. , 2019 . 5 24 DOI:10.1038/s41534-019-0137-zhttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0137-z .
C. C. Chen , 等 . Single-photon frequency shifting with a quadrature phase-shift keying modulator . Sci. Rep. , 2021 . 11 300 DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-79511-8http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79511-8 .
D. Zhu , 等 . Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate . Adv. Opt. Photonics , 2021 . 13 242 -352 . DOI:10.1364/AOP.411024http://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.411024 .
M. Zhang , 等 . Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators: when performance meets scalability . Optica , 2021 . 8 652 -667 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.415762http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.415762 .
S. Saravi , T. Pertsch , F. Setzpfandt . Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging platform for integrated quantum photonics . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2021 . 9 2100789 DOI:10.1002/adom.202100789http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202100789 .
M. A. Duguay , L. E. Hargrove , K. B. Jefferts . Optical frequency translation of mode‐locked laser pulses . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 1966 . 9 287 -290 . DOI:10.1063/1.1754753http://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754753 .
B. H. Kolner . Space-time duality and the theory of temporal imaging . IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , 1994 . 30 1951 -1963 . DOI:10.1109/3.301659http://doi.org/10.1109/3.301659 .
R. Salem , M. A. Foster , A. L. Gaeta . Application of space–time duality to ultrahigh-speed optical signal processing . Adv. Opt. Photonics , 2013 . 5 274 -317 . DOI:10.1364/AOP.5.000274http://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.5.000274 .
C. C. Chen , 等 . Efficient generation and characterization of spectrally factorable biphotons . Opt. Express , 2017 . 25 7300 -7312 . DOI:10.1364/OE.25.007300http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.007300 .
Yu, M. J. et al. Femtosecond pulse generation via an integrated electro-optic time lens. Print at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2112.09204https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2112.09204 (2021).
T. H. Ren , 等 . An integrated low-voltage broadband lithium niobate phase modulator . IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. , 2019 . 31 889 -892 . DOI:10.1109/LPT.2019.2911876http://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2019.2911876 .
M. Avenhaus , 等 . Fiber-assisted single-photon spectrograph . Opt. Lett. , 2009 . 34 2873 -2875 . DOI:10.1364/OL.34.002873http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.34.002873 .
F. Sośnicki , 等 . Aperiodic electro-optic time lens for spectral manipulation of single-photon pulses . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2020 . 116 234003 DOI:10.1063/5.0011077http://doi.org/10.1063/5.0011077 .
P. Kharel , 等 . Breaking voltage–bandwidth limits in integrated lithium niobate modulators using micro-structured electrodes . Optica , 2021 . 8 357 -363 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.416155http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.416155 .
Y. W. Hu , 等 . On-chip electro-optic frequency shifters and beam splitters . Nature , 2021 . 599 587 -593 . DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03999-xhttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03999-x .
H. H. Lu , 等 . Quantum interference and correlation control of frequency-bin qubits . Optica , 2018 . 5 1455 -1460 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.5.001455http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001455 .
P. Imany , 等 . Frequency-domain Hong–Ou–Mandel interference with linear optics . Opt. Lett. , 2018 . 43 2760 -2763 . DOI:10.1364/OL.43.002760http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.002760 .
U. A. Javid , 等 . Ultrabroadband entangled photons on a nanophotonic chip . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2021 . 127 183601 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.183601http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.183601 .
S. Aghaeimeibodi , 等 . Integration of quantum dots with lithium niobate photonics . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2018 . 113 221102 DOI:10.1063/1.5054865http://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054865 .
E. Lomonte , 等 . Single-photon detection and cryogenic reconfigurability in lithium niobate nanophotonic circuits . Nat. Commun. , 2021 . 12 6847 DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-27205-8http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27205-8 .
Dutta, S. et al. An atomic frequency comb memory in rare-earth doped thin-film lithium niobate. Print at https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.01942https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.01942 (2021).
B. Korzh , 等 . Demonstration of sub-3 Ps temporal resolution with a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector . Nat. Photonics , 2020 . 14 250 -255 . DOI:10.1038/s41566-020-0589-xhttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-0589-x .
T. M. Zhao , 等 . Entangling different-color photons via time-resolved measurement and active feed forward . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2014 . 112 103602 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.103602http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.103602 .
B. Brecht , 等 . Photon temporal modes: a complete framework for quantum information science . Phys. Rev. X , 2015 . 5 041017 .
P. Ying , 等 . Low-loss edge-coupling thin-film lithium niobate modulator with an efficient phase shifter . Opt. Lett. , 2021 . 46 1478 -1481 . DOI:10.1364/OL.418996http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.418996 .
M. Zhang , 等 . Monolithic ultra-high-Q lithium niobate microring resonator . Optica , 2017 . 4 1536 -1537 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.4.001536http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.4.001536 .
0
Views
0
Downloads
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621