Complex skin modes in non-Hermitian coupled laser arrays

Yuzhou G. N. Liu; Yunxuan Wei; Omid Hemmatyar; Georgios G. Pyrialakos; Pawel S. Jung; Demetrios N. Christodoulides; Mercedeh Khajavikhan

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-01030-0

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Complex skin modes in non-Hermitian coupled laser arrays

Original Articles

- Complex skin modes in non-Hermitian coupled laser arrays
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 11, Issue 12, Pages: 3002-3007(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
  2.CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816–2700, USA
  3.Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
  4.Department of Physics & Astronomy, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Author bio：
  
  Mercedeh Khajavikhan (khajavik@usc.edu)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-01030-0
  CLC：
- Published：31 December 2022，
  
  Published Online：28 November 2022，
  
  Received：25 March 2022，
  
  Revised：25 October 2022，
  
  Accepted：01 November 2022
- Accepted：
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Liu, Y. Z. G. N. et al. Complex skin modes in non-Hermitian coupled laser arrays. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 3002-3007 (2022).
DOI：

Liu, Y. Z. G. N. et al. Complex skin modes in non-Hermitian coupled laser arrays. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 3002-3007 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-01030-0.

摘要

Abstract

From biological ecosystems to spin glasses

connectivity plays a crucial role in determining the function

dynamics

and resiliency of a network. In the realm of non-Hermitian physics

the possibility of complex and asymmetric exchange interactions (

$$\left| {\kappa _{ij}} \right| \ne \left| {\kappa _{ji}} \right|$$

) between a network of oscillators has been theoretically shown to lead to novel behaviors like delocalization

skin effect

and bulk-boundary correspondence. An archetypical lattice exhibiting the aforementioned properties is that proposed by Hatano and Nelson in a series of papers in late 1990s. While the ramifications of these theoretical works in optics have been recently pursued in synthetic dimensions

the Hatano–Nelson model has yet to be realized in real space. What makes the implementation of these lattices challenging is the difficulty in establishing the required asymmetric exchange interactions in optical platforms. In this work

by using active optical oscillators featuring non-Hermiticity and nonlinearity

we introduce an anisotropic exchange between the resonant elements in a lattice

an aspect that enables us to observe the non-Hermitian skin effect

phase locking

and near-field beam steering in a Hatano–Nelson laser array. Our work opens up new regimes of phase-locking in lasers while shedding light on the fundamental physics of non-Hermitian systems.

关键词

Keywords

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