
1.Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
2.Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Florian Ströhl (florian.strohl@uit.no)
Published:31 March 2023,
Published Online:3 March 2023,
Received:27 October 2022,
Revised:14 February 2023,
Accepted:14 February 2023
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Ströhl, F. et al. Label-free superior contrast with c-band ultra-violet extinction microscopy. Light: Science & Applications, 12, 435-445 (2023).
Ströhl, F. et al. Label-free superior contrast with c-band ultra-violet extinction microscopy. Light: Science & Applications, 12, 435-445 (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01105-6.
In 1934
Frits Zernike demonstrated that it is possible to exploit the sample's refractive index to obtain superior contrast images of biological cells. The refractive index contrast of a cell surrounded by media yields a change in the phase and intensity of the transmitted light wave. This change can be due to either scattering or absorption caused by the sample. Most cells are transparent at visible wavelengths
which means the imaginary component of their complex refractive index
also known as extinction coefficient
k
is close to zero. Here
we explore the use of c-band ultra-violet (UVC) light for high-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy
as k is naturally substantially higher in the UVC than at visible wavelengths. Using differential phase contrast illumination and associated processing
we achieve a 7- to 300-fold improvement in contrast compared to visible-wavelength and UVA differential interference contrast microscopy or holotomography
and quantify the extinction coefficient distribution within liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. With a resolution down to 215 nm
we are
for the first time in a far-field label-free method
able to image individual fenestrations within their sieve plates which normally requires electron or fluorescence superresolution microscopy. UVC illumination also matches the excitation peak of intrinsically fluorescent proteins and amino acids and thus allows us to utilize autofluorescence as an independent imaging modality on the same setup.
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